Short-cut route validated for monitoring fentanyl and its metabolite in urine using LC–MS/MS, in a wide concentration range

IF 3.4 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI:10.1186/s43094-024-00657-7

Fatma Cavus Yonar, Beril Anılanmert, Munevver Acikkol

{"title":"Short-cut route validated for monitoring fentanyl and its metabolite in urine using LC–MS/MS, in a wide concentration range","authors":"Fatma Cavus Yonar, Beril Anılanmert, Munevver Acikkol","doi":"10.1186/s43094-024-00657-7","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Fentanyl is a highly potent analgesic, used in surgery, frequently abused or used in drug-facilitated crimes (DFC) and in military activities. It is also increasingly used in the treatment of chronic pain (especially in cancer patients). The improper use of transdermal patch forms can cause toxicity and deaths, related to overdose or combined use with other drug substances. Methods are needed for fast, reliable and inexpensive fentanyl detection and we aimed to develop such a method in urine using LC–MS/MS, especially for toxic and fatal concentrations which lack in the literature.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>An LC–MS/MS method has been presented for the co-determination of fentanyl and its main metabolite, norfentanyl in urine. The recoveries of the extraction method were 95(± 6)% and 70(± 9)% for fentanyl and norfentanyl, respectively. LOD and LOQ values are 1.7 and 14.0 ng/mL for fentanyl, while they were 20.6 ng/mL and 42.0 ng/mL for norfentanyl.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>A rapid, sensitive, very practical, inexpensive and a high-recovery analysis method is developed and validated. This is the only fentanyl monitoring LC–MS/MS method in urine having a linearity over a wide range up to 500.0 ng/mL and its success is demonstrated on real samples in the therapeutic drug monitoring of fentanyl and is expected to contribute to clarify intoxications/deaths related to its use.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\n<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":577,"journal":{"name":"Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://fjps.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s43094-024-00657-7","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s43094-024-00657-7","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Fentanyl is a highly potent analgesic, used in surgery, frequently abused or used in drug-facilitated crimes (DFC) and in military activities. It is also increasingly used in the treatment of chronic pain (especially in cancer patients). The improper use of transdermal patch forms can cause toxicity and deaths, related to overdose or combined use with other drug substances. Methods are needed for fast, reliable and inexpensive fentanyl detection and we aimed to develop such a method in urine using LC–MS/MS, especially for toxic and fatal concentrations which lack in the literature.

Results

An LC–MS/MS method has been presented for the co-determination of fentanyl and its main metabolite, norfentanyl in urine. The recoveries of the extraction method were 95(± 6)% and 70(± 9)% for fentanyl and norfentanyl, respectively. LOD and LOQ values are 1.7 and 14.0 ng/mL for fentanyl, while they were 20.6 ng/mL and 42.0 ng/mL for norfentanyl.

Conclusion

A rapid, sensitive, very practical, inexpensive and a high-recovery analysis method is developed and validated. This is the only fentanyl monitoring LC–MS/MS method in urine having a linearity over a wide range up to 500.0 ng/mL and its success is demonstrated on real samples in the therapeutic drug monitoring of fentanyl and is expected to contribute to clarify intoxications/deaths related to its use.

Graphical Abstract

查看原文本刊更多论文

利用 LC-MS/MS 对尿液中芬太尼及其代谢物进行宽浓度范围监测的捷径路线得到验证

背景芬太尼是一种强效镇痛剂，可用于外科手术，经常被滥用或用于借助药物的犯罪（DFC）和军事活动。它也越来越多地被用于治疗慢性疼痛（尤其是癌症患者）。透皮贴剂使用不当会导致中毒和死亡，这与药物过量或与其他药物混合使用有关。我们的目标是利用 LC-MS/MS 技术开发一种尿液中检测芬太尼的方法，尤其是针对文献中缺乏的有毒和致命浓度的检测方法。结果我们提出了一种 LC-MS/MS 方法，用于共同测定尿液中的芬太尼及其主要代谢物诺芬太尼。芬太尼和去甲芬太尼的提取回收率分别为 95%(± 6)和 70%(±9)。结论建立并验证了一种快速、灵敏、实用、廉价和高回收率的分析方法。这是唯一一种在尿液中监测芬太尼的 LC-MS/MS 方法，其线性范围高达 500.0 ng/mL，它在真实样本中的成功应用证明了芬太尼治疗药物监测的有效性，并有望有助于澄清与使用芬太尼有关的中毒/死亡事件。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY-

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

23 weeks

期刊介绍： Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FJPS) is the official journal of the Future University in Egypt. It is a peer-reviewed, open access journal which publishes original research articles, review articles and case studies on all aspects of pharmaceutical sciences and technologies, pharmacy practice and related clinical aspects, and pharmacy education. The journal publishes articles covering developments in drug absorption and metabolism, pharmacokinetics and dynamics, drug delivery systems, drug targeting and nano-technology. It also covers development of new systems, methods and techniques in pharmacy education and practice. The scope of the journal also extends to cover advancements in toxicology, cell and molecular biology, biomedical research, clinical and pharmaceutical microbiology, pharmaceutical biotechnology, medicinal chemistry, phytochemistry and nutraceuticals.