Experimental investigation into the effect of macroscopic cross-country ski parameters on gliding friction

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Cold Regions Science and Technology Pub Date : 2024-06-29 DOI:10.1016/j.coldregions.2024.104264

Sondre Bergtun Auganæs , Audun Formo Buene , Alex Klein-Paste

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Abstract

The complexity of the load response on a modern cross-country ski makes it difficult to address the individual macroscopic parameters' influence on ski-snow friction. In this study, a custom adjustable ski was developed to isolate the effect of normal force, apparent contact area, spacing and load split on the coefficient of friction. These parameters were tested in a ski-snow tribometer at relevant sliding speeds, normal loads, slider sizes and snow conditions for cross-country skiing. At cold air temperatures (−10 °C) the friction was governed by the average contact pressure, whereas at warmer air temperatures (−2 °C and + 5 °C) the friction was governed by the apparent contact area. Additionally, the effect of load split between the front and rear slider showed different trends depending on the temperature. Smaller spacing between the two sliders led to reduced friction across all temperatures. These findings provide new insights for optimizing cross-country ski gliding performance in various snow conditions.

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越野滑雪宏观参数对滑行摩擦力影响的实验研究

现代越野滑雪板载荷响应的复杂性使得解决单个宏观参数对滑雪板-雪地摩擦力的影响变得十分困难。在这项研究中，开发了一种定制的可调节滑雪板，以隔离法向力、表观接触面积、间距和载荷分割对摩擦系数的影响。这些参数在滑雪板-雪地摩擦试验机中进行了测试，测试条件包括相关的滑动速度、法向载荷、滑块尺寸以及越野滑雪的雪地条件。在冷空气温度（-10 °C）下，摩擦力受平均接触压力的影响，而在较高的空气温度（-2 °C和+ 5 °C）下，摩擦力受表面接触面积的影响。此外，前后滑块之间的负载分担效果也因温度不同而呈现出不同的趋势。在所有温度下，两个滑块之间的间距越小，摩擦力越小。这些发现为优化越野滑雪在各种雪地条件下的滑行性能提供了新的见解。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Cold Regions Science and Technology 工程技术-地球科学综合

CiteScore

7.40

自引率

12.20%

发文量

209

审稿时长

4.9 months

期刊介绍： Cold Regions Science and Technology is an international journal dealing with the science and technical problems of cold environments in both the polar regions and more temperate locations. It includes fundamental aspects of cryospheric sciences which have applications for cold regions problems as well as engineering topics which relate to the cryosphere. Emphasis is given to applied science with broad coverage of the physical and mechanical aspects of ice (including glaciers and sea ice), snow and snow avalanches, ice-water systems, ice-bonded soils and permafrost. Relevant aspects of Earth science, materials science, offshore and river ice engineering are also of primary interest. These include icing of ships and structures as well as trafficability in cold environments. Technological advances for cold regions in research, development, and engineering practice are relevant to the journal. Theoretical papers must include a detailed discussion of the potential application of the theory to address cold regions problems. The journal serves a wide range of specialists, providing a medium for interdisciplinary communication and a convenient source of reference.