From nappe stacking to strike-slip deformation: Alpine structural overprints refined by cave and karst geology in the Danubian thin-skinned units (Southern Carpathians, Romania)

IF 2.7 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS
Maria-Laura Tîrlă , Relu-Dumitru Roban , Ioan Munteanu , Virgil Drăgușin , Marius Vlaicu , Ionuț-Cornel Mirea
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Caves are ideal environments for preserving quantifiable deformational indicators in orogenic areas, as they are conditioned by regional tectonics. The caves and karst of Isverna, developed in the Barremian-Aptian limestones of the Danubian sedimentary nappes (Southern Carpathians, SW Romania), expose formerly undetected evidence of compressional tectonics, overlapping older structures related to décollement and deformation of the underlying Turonian-Senonian tectonic mélange. The Danubian domain (the distal part of the Moesian Platform) was incorporated into the Carpathian Orogen during the Late Cretaceous subduction of the Ceahlău–Severin Ocean and collision with the continental Dacia mega-unit. Subsequent Eocene–Oligocene orogen–parallel extension led to the development of a metamorphic core complex and detachment faults, constructing a complicated arcuate fault system around the Moesian Platform during the Late Miocene strike-slip deformation. The integrated analysis of structural, kinematic, and geomorphological data indicates a connection between the strike-slip deformation and the subsequent shortening, exhumation and surface exposure of Cerna Nappe within the Isverna shear zone. Four main evolutionary stages of the Danubian thin-skinned units in the central Mehedinți Mountains were distinguished from cave and karst geology, and illustrated in a detailed 3D model: i) Initial décollement and mélange deformation during the Alpine nappe stacking; ii) Extensional décollement toward SE; iii) Dextral shearing and WNW-ESE contraction; iv) Karstification and cave development. Most structural and kinematic markers recorded within the limestones of the Cerna Nappe date from stage (iii), whereas older structures were better preserved in the tectonic mélange of the Lainici Nappe. The resulting model could be further integrated into the polyphase tectonic evolution of the Southern Carpathians and their relation with the Moesian Platform. This study demonstrates the utility of caves and karst for constraining the chronology of tectonic deformations in complex structural systems and for reconstructing more refined conceptual 3D models.

Abstract Image

从岩层堆积到走向滑动变形:多瑙河薄层单元(罗马尼亚南喀尔巴阡山脉)的洞穴和岩溶地质对阿尔卑斯山构造覆盖的完善
洞穴是造山地区保存可量化的变形指标的理想环境,因为它们受到区域构造的影响。伊斯韦尔纳的洞穴和岩溶发育于多努比亚沉积岩层(罗马尼亚西南部喀尔巴阡山脉南部)的巴利米安-安普顿石灰岩中,揭示了以前未被发现的压缩构造的证据,重叠了与下伏图伦-赛诺构造混杂层的解理和变形有关的古老构造。多瑙河流域(莫埃西亚地台的远端)在白垩纪晚期塞勒乌-塞弗林洋俯冲过程中并入喀尔巴阡山造山带,并与达契亚大陆巨型单元发生碰撞。随后的始新世-更新世造山带平行延伸导致了变质核心复合体和剥离断层的发展,在晚中新世的冲击-滑动变形过程中,围绕莫伊西安地台构建了一个复杂的弧形断层系统。对结构、运动学和地貌学数据的综合分析表明,在伊斯维纳剪切带内,走向滑动变形与随后的缩短、掘起和 Cerna Nappe 的地表暴露之间存在联系。从洞穴和岩溶地质学角度区分了梅赫丁ți 山中部多瑙河薄层单元的四个主要演化阶段,并通过详细的三维模型进行了说明:i) 阿尔卑斯山岩层堆积过程中的初始解理和混合变形;ii) 向东南方向延伸的解理;iii) 向外剪切和向西北-向东南方向收缩;iv) 岩溶化和洞穴发育。Cerna Nappe 灰岩中记录的大多数构造和运动标记都是第(iii)阶段的,而较早的构造在 Lainici Nappe 的构造混杂区中得到了较好的保存。由此产生的模型可以进一步整合到南喀尔巴阡山脉的多期构造演化及其与摩西地台的关系中。这项研究证明了洞穴和岩溶在制约复杂构造系统构造变形年代学和重建更精细的概念三维模型方面的实用性。
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来源期刊
Tectonophysics
Tectonophysics 地学-地球化学与地球物理
CiteScore
4.90
自引率
6.90%
发文量
300
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: The prime focus of Tectonophysics will be high-impact original research and reviews in the fields of kinematics, structure, composition, and dynamics of the solid arth at all scales. Tectonophysics particularly encourages submission of papers based on the integration of a multitude of geophysical, geological, geochemical, geodynamic, and geotectonic methods
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