Charging infrastructure assessment for shared autonomous electric vehicles in 374 small and medium-sized urban areas: An agent-based simulation approach

Abstract

This research examines the use of Shared Autonomous Electric Vehicles (SAEVs) in 374 U.S. small and medium-sized urban areas, focusing on fleet and infrastructure needs through agent-based simulations. It assesses metrics such as fleet size, trips per vehicle, and charging station requirements, considering two charger types: Level 2 and Level 3. The findings show significant spatial differences in SAEV operations and infrastructure across these cities. Statistical analysis links these variations to regional road networks and travel patterns. The study finds Level 3 chargers more efficient, requiring fewer stations and enabling more trips per vehicle compared to Level 2 chargers. Furthermore, Level 3 chargers exhibit a greater number of trips per SAEV and a higher ratio of vehicles to charging stations. These findings highlight the significance of considering charging infrastructure characteristics to optimize SAEV fleet performance and promote sustainable transportation systems in urban areas. This study significantly contributes by identifying the spatial variation and correlates of the SAEVs' operational and charging infrastructural performance. Policymakers, urban planners, and transportation service providers can leverage these insights to design and implement effective charging infrastructure for SAEV fleets, thereby advancing the transition to cleaner and more efficient mobility solutions.