Groundwater hydrogeochemical processes, water quality index, and probabilistic health risk assessment in an arid and semi-arid environment (Hamedan, Iran)

IF 4.9 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL
Mohsen Jalali , Mahdi Jalali , Liam Morrison
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Abstract

Groundwater protection requires an understanding of different hydrogeochemical processes and this study synthesised and analysed a large hydrogeochemical dataset (1030 data points over 15 years) of published data in western Iran, to gain a deeper understanding and reveal the main factors controlling groundwater geochemistry. Furthermore, non-carcinogenic effects on human health related to nitrate (NO3) concentrations were assessed. In terms of the measured parameters, four distinct clusters were identified Ca–HCO3, Na–HCO3, Na–SO4, and Na–SO4–Cl. Cluster 1 (68% of samples) had higher average pH while exhibiting lower average electrical conductivities (ECs), cations, and anions than the other clusters and had a lower average weighted arithmetic than the other clusters. 28.5%, 51.9%, 16.3%, 2.1%, and 1.2% of total water samples rated as excellent, good, poor, extremely poor, and undrinkable, respectively, implying that about 80.4% of the groundwater samples are potable. Multi-linear regression models based on pH and EC values can predict cation and anion concentrations in groundwater with high accuracy. The significance of the findings lies in their potential to facilitate the comprehension, modeling, and eventual forecasting of the fate of anions and cations in semi-arid and arid environments, as well as similar groundwaters, using common water characteristics. In order to lower the non-carcinogenic health risks to the local population, the appropriate actions should be taken. The majority of the region's agricultural areas have primary soil textures that are sandy and prone to NO3 leaching. Therefore, in order to maintain the quality of the groundwater in the study region, excessive use of chemical and organic fertilizers should be avoided. These findings will contribute to understanding and safeguarding groundwater quality, while also informing management strategies in arid and semi-arid regions with similar environmental characteristics.

Abstract Image

干旱和半干旱环境(伊朗哈马丹)的地下水水文地质化学过程、水质指数和健康风险概率评估
保护地下水需要了解不同的水文地质化学过程,本研究综合并分析了伊朗西部已公布数据的大型水文地质化学数据集(15 年中有 1030 个数据点),以深入了解并揭示控制地下水地球化学的主要因素。此外,还评估了硝酸盐(NO3-)浓度对人体健康的非致癌影响。就测量参数而言,确定了 Ca-HCO3、Na-HCO3、Na-SO4 和 Na-SO4-Cl 四个不同的群组。群组 1(68% 的样本)的平均 pH 值较高,而平均电导率(EC)、阳离子和阴离子则低于其他群组,平均加权算术值也低于其他群组。在所有水样中,分别有 28.5%、51.9%、16.3%、2.1% 和 1.2% 的水样被评为优、良、差、极差和不可饮用,这意味着约 80.4% 的地下水样本可以饮用。以 pH 值和 EC 值为基础的多线性回归模型可准确预测地下水中阳离子和阴离子的浓度。这些研究结果的意义在于,它们可以促进对半干旱和干旱环境以及类似地下水中阴离子和阳离子归宿的理解、建模和最终预测。为了降低当地居民的非致癌健康风险,应采取适当的行动。该地区大部分农业区的原生土壤质地为沙质,容易发生 NO3 沥滤。因此,为了保持研究地区的地下水质量,应避免过量使用化肥和有机肥。这些发现将有助于了解和保护地下水水质,同时也为具有类似环境特征的干旱和半干旱地区的管理策略提供参考。
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来源期刊
Groundwater for Sustainable Development
Groundwater for Sustainable Development Social Sciences-Geography, Planning and Development
CiteScore
11.50
自引率
10.20%
发文量
152
期刊介绍: Groundwater for Sustainable Development is directed to different stakeholders and professionals, including government and non-governmental organizations, international funding agencies, universities, public water institutions, public health and other public/private sector professionals, and other relevant institutions. It is aimed at professionals, academics and students in the fields of disciplines such as: groundwater and its connection to surface hydrology and environment, soil sciences, engineering, ecology, microbiology, atmospheric sciences, analytical chemistry, hydro-engineering, water technology, environmental ethics, economics, public health, policy, as well as social sciences, legal disciplines, or any other area connected with water issues. The objectives of this journal are to facilitate: • The improvement of effective and sustainable management of water resources across the globe. • The improvement of human access to groundwater resources in adequate quantity and good quality. • The meeting of the increasing demand for drinking and irrigation water needed for food security to contribute to a social and economically sound human development. • The creation of a global inter- and multidisciplinary platform and forum to improve our understanding of groundwater resources and to advocate their effective and sustainable management and protection against contamination. • Interdisciplinary information exchange and to stimulate scientific research in the fields of groundwater related sciences and social and health sciences required to achieve the United Nations Millennium Development Goals for sustainable development.
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