Understanding arsenic and manganese enrichment in the aquifers of the Ghaghara river basin, Middle Gangetic Plain (MGP), India: A multivariate statistical, compositional data analysis (CoDA), and receptor model approach

IF 3.4 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS
Mohd Usman Khan , Nachiketa Rai , Mohd Shahwaar , Mohd Musahib , Abdur Rahman
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Abstract

The focus of this study was to comprehend the spatial distribution, source apportionment, evaluation of natural background level (NBL), and mobilization mechanisms of arsenic (As) and manganese (Mn) in the Ghaghara river basin, located in the middle Gangetic plain (MGP) of India. A combination of analytical tools was employed, including multivariate statistical analysis (MSA), correlation analysis, and receptor models such as positive matrix factorization (PMF) and principal component analysis-multi linear regression (PCA-MLR). Taking into consideration the compositional constraints of the geochemical data, compositional data analysis (CoDA) methods were applied on the raw data prior to the correlation analysis and MSA. The results of MSA, correlation analysis and receptor models showed that major ion chemistry and As, Mn enrichment in groundwater were largely controlled by carbonate weathering, Fe and Mn oxyhydroxides dissolution. Anthropogenic activities, such as the infiltration of dissolved organic matter-rich water from local surface water bodies used as dumping sites and the infiltration of fertilizer-rich water from agricultural lands, were found to notably impact the groundwater geochemistry and release of As in the research area. The lower NBL of As (5.92 μg/L) compared to its mean concentrations (17.9 μg/L) in the study area also indicated that the rate of As release in groundwater through natural processes was comparatively low but various anthropogenic activities operating in the study region possibly acted as a trigger for the mobility of As from the mineral phases of the subsurface sediments. This study also highlighted the significance of applying CoDA techniques on geochemical data prior to statistical analysis, and the importance of receptor models, to better understand the nature and contribution of various natural and anthropogenic processes governing the hydrochemistry of groundwater in the alluvial aquifers.

了解印度恒河平原中部 Ghaghara 河流域含水层中的砷和锰富集情况:多元统计、成分数据分析(CoDA)和受体模型方法
本研究的重点是了解印度恒河平原中部加哈拉河流域砷(As)和锰(Mn)的空间分布、来源分配、自然本底水平(NBL)评估和迁移机制。研究采用了多种分析工具,包括多元统计分析(MSA)、相关性分析以及正矩阵因式分解(PMF)和主成分分析-多线性回归(PCA-MLR)等受体模型。考虑到地球化学数据的成分限制,在进行相关分析和 MSA 之前,对原始数据采用了成分数据分析(CoDA)方法。MSA、相关分析和受体模型的结果表明,地下水中的主要离子化学性质和砷、锰富集主要受碳酸盐风化、铁和锰氧氢氧化物溶解的控制。研究发现,人类活动对研究区域的地下水地球化学和砷释放产生了显著影响,例如当地地表水体中富含溶解有机物的水被用作垃圾倾倒场,以及农田中富含化肥的水被渗入地下。与平均浓度(17.9 μg/L)相比,研究地区砷的 NBL 值(5.92 μg/L)较低,这也表明通过自然过程在地下水中释放砷的速率相对较低,但研究地区的各种人为活动可能成为砷从地下沉积物矿物相中迁移的触发因素。这项研究还强调了在统计分析之前对地球化学数据应用 CoDA 技术的重要性,以及受体模型的重要性,以便更好地了解冲积含水层中地下水水化学的各种自然和人为过程的性质和作用。
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来源期刊
Journal of Geochemical Exploration
Journal of Geochemical Exploration 地学-地球化学与地球物理
CiteScore
7.40
自引率
7.70%
发文量
148
审稿时长
8.1 months
期刊介绍: Journal of Geochemical Exploration is mostly dedicated to publication of original studies in exploration and environmental geochemistry and related topics. Contributions considered of prevalent interest for the journal include researches based on the application of innovative methods to: define the genesis and the evolution of mineral deposits including transfer of elements in large-scale mineralized areas. analyze complex systems at the boundaries between bio-geochemistry, metal transport and mineral accumulation. evaluate effects of historical mining activities on the surface environment. trace pollutant sources and define their fate and transport models in the near-surface and surface environments involving solid, fluid and aerial matrices. assess and quantify natural and technogenic radioactivity in the environment. determine geochemical anomalies and set baseline reference values using compositional data analysis, multivariate statistics and geo-spatial analysis. assess the impacts of anthropogenic contamination on ecosystems and human health at local and regional scale to prioritize and classify risks through deterministic and stochastic approaches. Papers dedicated to the presentation of newly developed methods in analytical geochemistry to be applied in the field or in laboratory are also within the topics of interest for the journal.
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