Geothermometrical calculations of thermal waters affected by secondary processes: The case of Sierra Elvira (Spain)

IF 3.4 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS
Maria P. Asta , Luis F. Auque , Maria J. Gimeno , Cristina Reyes-Carmona , Aita Gantenbein , Jesús Rosino , Antonio Delgado-Huertas
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Abstract

Geothermometrical calculations in thermal systems are often limited by the presence of secondary processes that modify the chemistry of the deep reservoir fluid during the ascent to the surface (e.g., mixing, degasification). The effect of secondary processes can be avoided by applying some techniques to reconstruct the chemical equilibrium at depth and the fluid original composition. However, the reconstruction of thermal waters mixed with cold surficial waters is complicated when the dilution factors are unknown. For that case, here, we propose to use an approach consisting of the simulation of a concentration process that removed different amounts of water from the thermal solutions until the equilibrium temperatures of anhydrite and quartz converge for the waters affected by mixing in unknown proportions. Using classical geothermometers and geothermometrical modeling, including the water removal process and CO2 degasification, a temperature range of 78 ± 9 °C at depth has been established for the Sierra Elvira geothermal system whose waters are in chemical equilibrium with respect to calcite, dolomite, anhydrite, quartz, illite, pyrophyllite and beidellite-K. The good agreement in the temperatures obtained for the different thermal fluids of the system suggests a common reservoir for all of them. The methodology used in this study can be applied to other geothermal systems in carbonate rocks affected by mixing.

受二次过程影响的热水域的地温计算:埃尔维拉山脉(西班牙)案例
热力系统中的地温计算通常会受到二次过程的限制,这些二次过程会在向地表上升的过程中改变深层储层流体的化学成分(如混合、脱气)。通过应用一些技术来重建深层的化学平衡和流体的原始成分,可以避免次生过程的影响。然而,在稀释因子未知的情况下,重建热水体与冷表层水体混合的过程就比较复杂。针对这种情况,我们在此建议使用一种方法,包括模拟浓缩过程,从热溶液中去除不同数量的水,直到受未知比例混合影响的水域的无水石膏和石英的平衡温度趋于一致。利用经典的地温计和地温模型,包括除水过程和二氧化碳脱气过程,确定了埃尔维拉山脉地热系统的深度温度范围为 78 ± 9 °C,该系统中的水与方解石、白云石、无水石膏、石英、伊利石、辉绿岩和贝叶石-K 之间处于化学平衡状态。该系统中不同热流体的温度非常一致,这表明所有热流体都有一个共同的储层。本研究采用的方法可用于受混合影响的碳酸盐岩中的其他地热系统。
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来源期刊
Journal of Geochemical Exploration
Journal of Geochemical Exploration 地学-地球化学与地球物理
CiteScore
7.40
自引率
7.70%
发文量
148
审稿时长
8.1 months
期刊介绍: Journal of Geochemical Exploration is mostly dedicated to publication of original studies in exploration and environmental geochemistry and related topics. Contributions considered of prevalent interest for the journal include researches based on the application of innovative methods to: define the genesis and the evolution of mineral deposits including transfer of elements in large-scale mineralized areas. analyze complex systems at the boundaries between bio-geochemistry, metal transport and mineral accumulation. evaluate effects of historical mining activities on the surface environment. trace pollutant sources and define their fate and transport models in the near-surface and surface environments involving solid, fluid and aerial matrices. assess and quantify natural and technogenic radioactivity in the environment. determine geochemical anomalies and set baseline reference values using compositional data analysis, multivariate statistics and geo-spatial analysis. assess the impacts of anthropogenic contamination on ecosystems and human health at local and regional scale to prioritize and classify risks through deterministic and stochastic approaches. Papers dedicated to the presentation of newly developed methods in analytical geochemistry to be applied in the field or in laboratory are also within the topics of interest for the journal.
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