Source apportionment of fine particulate matter in middle Indo-Gangetic Plain by coupled radiocarbon –molecular organic tracer method

IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Ningombam Linthoingambi Devi , Amrendra Kumar , Ishwar Chandra Yadav , Sonke Szidat , Rajveer Sharma
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Abstract

Despite significant emissions of fine particulate matter (FPM) from the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) that affect the climate and air quality in the region, the sources of these emissions are not adequately addressed. This research uses a combined radiocarbon-molecular organic tracer technique to investigate the degree of contamination, seasonal fluctuations, and contribution of FPM in the middle IGP (Patna), India. The findings indicated levoglucosan (L) as the single primary BB tracer chemical, ranging from 149 ng/m3 to 490 ng/m3 (median 282 ng/m3). Winter (median 462 ng/m3) showed a 2–3 times higher level of L than the monsoon season (median 180 ng/m3). A significant association of L with other organic tracers such as galactosan (G), mannosan (M), vallinic acid, syringic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid (pHA) and dehydroabietic acid (DHAA)(r = 0.53 to 0.89, p < 0.05), and moderate connection with Cl (r = 0.21, p < 0.05), SO42− (r = 0.29, p < 0.05), and NO3- (r = 0.22, p < 0.05) indicated significant BB contribution. However, non-sea salt (nss-K+) was not related to L. Based on seven days of air mass back trajectories and MODIS active fire counts analysis, we conclude that OAs composition is not the local origin but is also impacted by long-range atmospheric transport from Pakistan/Afghanistan, followed by the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea. Chemical analysis of organic tracers and positive matrix factorization (PMF) modeling study identified three unique sources, i.e., biomass burning, secondary aerosols formation, and mixed type (fossil fuels and construction dust) as the primary source of FPM in Patna, accounted for 46.1 %, 28.9 %, and 24.9 %, of total emissions, respectively. The radiocarbon (14 C) analysis of total carbon (TC) samples further supported this conclusion. The results of the 14 C study indicated that emissions from BB, such as wood and stubble, were responsible for 57% of the TC concentration.

Abstract Image

用放射性碳-分子有机示踪剂耦合法对印度-甘肃平原中部的细颗粒物进行源分配
尽管印度洋-恒河平原(IGP)排放的大量细颗粒物(FPM)影响了该地区的气候和空气质量,但这些排放物的来源却没有得到充分解决。本研究采用放射性碳-分子有机示踪剂组合技术,调查印度 IGP 中部(巴特那)的污染程度、季节波动和 FPM 的贡献。研究结果表明,左旋葡聚糖(L)是单一的主要 BB 示踪化学物质,含量从 149 纳克/立方米到 490 纳克/立方米不等(中位数为 282 纳克/立方米)。冬季(中位数为 462 纳克/立方米)的 L 含量是季风季节(中位数为 180 纳克/立方米)的 2-3 倍。L 与其他有机示踪剂,如半乳糖聚糖 (G)、甘露聚糖 (M)、卵磷脂酸、丁香酸、对羟基苯甲酸 (pHA) 和脱氢松香酸 (DHAA) 有明显的关联(r = 0.53 to 0.89, p < 0.05),与 Cl- (r = 0.21, p < 0.05)、SO42- (r = 0.29, p < 0.05) 和 NO3- (r = 0.22, p < 0.05) 的中度联系表明 BB 的贡献显著。根据七天的气团回流轨迹和 MODIS 活动火灾计数分析,我们得出结论,OAs 的组成并非来自本地,而是受到来自巴基斯坦/阿富汗的长程大气传输的影响,其次是孟加拉湾和阿拉伯海。有机示踪剂的化学分析和正矩阵因式分解(PMF)模型研究确定了三个独特的来源,即生物质燃烧、二次气溶胶形成和混合型(化石燃料和建筑灰尘),它们是巴特那 FPM 的主要来源,分别占总排放量的 46.1%、28.9% 和 24.9%。对总碳(TC)样本进行的放射性碳(14 C)分析进一步证实了这一结论。14 C 研究结果表明,木材和秸秆等 BB 排放物占 TC 浓度的 57%。
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来源期刊
Atmospheric Pollution Research
Atmospheric Pollution Research ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES-
CiteScore
8.30
自引率
6.70%
发文量
256
审稿时长
36 days
期刊介绍: Atmospheric Pollution Research (APR) is an international journal designed for the publication of articles on air pollution. Papers should present novel experimental results, theory and modeling of air pollution on local, regional, or global scales. Areas covered are research on inorganic, organic, and persistent organic air pollutants, air quality monitoring, air quality management, atmospheric dispersion and transport, air-surface (soil, water, and vegetation) exchange of pollutants, dry and wet deposition, indoor air quality, exposure assessment, health effects, satellite measurements, natural emissions, atmospheric chemistry, greenhouse gases, and effects on climate change.
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