{"title":"A 206 μW Vital Signs Monitoring System on Chip for Measuring Five Vitals","authors":"Sameen Minto;Austin Cable;Wala Saadeh","doi":"10.1109/TVLSI.2024.3415469","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"This article presents an area and power-efficient system-on-chip (SoC) for vital signs monitoring to provide patients with remote monitoring. It measures five important vitals including blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), respiration rate (RR), heart rate (HR), HR variability (HRV), and temperature. The proposed SoC utilizes a photoplethysmography (PPG) signal to compute HR, HRV, SpO2, and RR. The PPG signal is amplified and filtered using a PPG readout that includes a transimpedance amplifier (TIA) with a switched integrator (SI) to filter and amplify the signal. A differential second-order, delta-sigma analog-to-digital converter (\n<inline-formula> <tex-math>$\\Delta \\Sigma $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\n-ADC) is adopted to digitize the PPG signal. The SoC also comprises a low-power LED driver for both red and infrared (IR) LEDs which operate in pulsed mode with a 0.625% duty cycle. A vital signs extractor performs feature extraction (FE) and computes the vital signs with a maximum absolute error of less than 1%. In this work, the temperature is also measured by employing a Wheatstone bridge (WhB)-based temperature sensor which integrates thermal resistors into a second-order \n<inline-formula> <tex-math>$\\Delta \\Sigma $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\n-ADC. The proposed system shares \n<inline-formula> <tex-math>$\\Delta \\Sigma $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\n-ADC for digitizing the PPG signal and the temperature readings to reduce both area and power consumption. The proposed system computes the temperature over the human’s temperature range (\n<inline-formula> <tex-math>$32~^{\\circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\n C to \n<inline-formula> <tex-math>$42~^{\\circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\n C) with an accuracy of +/\n<inline-formula> <tex-math>$- 0.09~^{\\circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\n C. The SoC is implemented using a 180 nm CMOS process with an area of 4.8 mm2 while consuming \n<inline-formula> <tex-math>$206~\\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\n W.","PeriodicalId":13425,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","volume":"32 9","pages":"1652-1660"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10570314/","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"COMPUTER SCIENCE, HARDWARE & ARCHITECTURE","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
This article presents an area and power-efficient system-on-chip (SoC) for vital signs monitoring to provide patients with remote monitoring. It measures five important vitals including blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), respiration rate (RR), heart rate (HR), HR variability (HRV), and temperature. The proposed SoC utilizes a photoplethysmography (PPG) signal to compute HR, HRV, SpO2, and RR. The PPG signal is amplified and filtered using a PPG readout that includes a transimpedance amplifier (TIA) with a switched integrator (SI) to filter and amplify the signal. A differential second-order, delta-sigma analog-to-digital converter (
$\Delta \Sigma $
-ADC) is adopted to digitize the PPG signal. The SoC also comprises a low-power LED driver for both red and infrared (IR) LEDs which operate in pulsed mode with a 0.625% duty cycle. A vital signs extractor performs feature extraction (FE) and computes the vital signs with a maximum absolute error of less than 1%. In this work, the temperature is also measured by employing a Wheatstone bridge (WhB)-based temperature sensor which integrates thermal resistors into a second-order
$\Delta \Sigma $
-ADC. The proposed system shares
$\Delta \Sigma $
-ADC for digitizing the PPG signal and the temperature readings to reduce both area and power consumption. The proposed system computes the temperature over the human’s temperature range (
$32~^{\circ }$
C to
$42~^{\circ }$
C) with an accuracy of +/
$- 0.09~^{\circ }$
C. The SoC is implemented using a 180 nm CMOS process with an area of 4.8 mm2 while consuming
$206~\mu $
W.
期刊介绍:
The IEEE Transactions on VLSI Systems is published as a monthly journal under the co-sponsorship of the IEEE Circuits and Systems Society, the IEEE Computer Society, and the IEEE Solid-State Circuits Society.
Design and realization of microelectronic systems using VLSI/ULSI technologies require close collaboration among scientists and engineers in the fields of systems architecture, logic and circuit design, chips and wafer fabrication, packaging, testing and systems applications. Generation of specifications, design and verification must be performed at all abstraction levels, including the system, register-transfer, logic, circuit, transistor and process levels.
To address this critical area through a common forum, the IEEE Transactions on VLSI Systems have been founded. The editorial board, consisting of international experts, invites original papers which emphasize and merit the novel systems integration aspects of microelectronic systems including interactions among systems design and partitioning, logic and memory design, digital and analog circuit design, layout synthesis, CAD tools, chips and wafer fabrication, testing and packaging, and systems level qualification. Thus, the coverage of these Transactions will focus on VLSI/ULSI microelectronic systems integration.