{"title":"Hybrid pseudocapacitance/co-intercalation mechanisms of TiO2/graphite anodes for rapid sodium-ion storage","authors":"Ze-Rui Yan, Da-Fu Tang, Bin-Hao Wang, Xiao-Juan Huang, Xia Zou, Si-Cheng Fan, Yan Wu, Tong Shu, Qiu-Long Wei","doi":"10.1007/s12598-024-02848-w","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Developing anode materials with high specific/volumetric capacities, high-rate capability, long-term cycles and low cost is significant for advanced sodium-ion storage. Herein, we report the hybrid TiO<sub>2</sub>/graphite (TiO<sub>2</sub>/G) anodes for fast (dis)charging sodium-ion storage. Taking advantage of the rapid pseudocapacitive surface-redox on anatase TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles (NPs) and fast [Na(diglyme)<sub><i>x</i></sub>]<sup>+</sup> co-intercalation into graphite, the hybrid anodes display excellent rate capabilities. Additionally, the TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs are able to fill into the interspaces among graphite flakes and the graphite provides continuous electron pathways, which largely boosts the volumetric capacities and rate performance. Benefitting from the synergistic effects, the hybrid electrodes display excellent comprehensive electrochemical performance. At the thick-film electrodes (a single-side mass loading of 10 mg·cm<sup>−2</sup>), the hybrid TiO<sub>2</sub>/G anode, in a ratio of 40/60 by weight, exhibits high gravimetric and volumetric capacities (71 mAh·g<sup>−1</sup>/152 mAh·cm<sup>−3</sup>) at a high current density of 20 mA·cm<sup>−2</sup> (2 A·g<sup>−1</sup>), which are higher than those of the graphite (61 mAh·g<sup>−1</sup>/121 mAh·cm<sup>−3</sup>), TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs (37 mAh·g<sup>−1</sup>/72 mAh·cm<sup>−3</sup>) and hard carbon (19 mAh·g<sup>−1</sup>/23 mAh·cm<sup>−3</sup>) anodes. The TiO<sub>2</sub>/G hybrid anodes with excellent comprehensive electrochemical performance display promising potential for high-power sodium-ion batteries and capacitors.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical abstract</h3>\n","PeriodicalId":749,"journal":{"name":"Rare Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Rare Metals","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-024-02848-w","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Developing anode materials with high specific/volumetric capacities, high-rate capability, long-term cycles and low cost is significant for advanced sodium-ion storage. Herein, we report the hybrid TiO2/graphite (TiO2/G) anodes for fast (dis)charging sodium-ion storage. Taking advantage of the rapid pseudocapacitive surface-redox on anatase TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) and fast [Na(diglyme)x]+ co-intercalation into graphite, the hybrid anodes display excellent rate capabilities. Additionally, the TiO2 NPs are able to fill into the interspaces among graphite flakes and the graphite provides continuous electron pathways, which largely boosts the volumetric capacities and rate performance. Benefitting from the synergistic effects, the hybrid electrodes display excellent comprehensive electrochemical performance. At the thick-film electrodes (a single-side mass loading of 10 mg·cm−2), the hybrid TiO2/G anode, in a ratio of 40/60 by weight, exhibits high gravimetric and volumetric capacities (71 mAh·g−1/152 mAh·cm−3) at a high current density of 20 mA·cm−2 (2 A·g−1), which are higher than those of the graphite (61 mAh·g−1/121 mAh·cm−3), TiO2 NPs (37 mAh·g−1/72 mAh·cm−3) and hard carbon (19 mAh·g−1/23 mAh·cm−3) anodes. The TiO2/G hybrid anodes with excellent comprehensive electrochemical performance display promising potential for high-power sodium-ion batteries and capacitors.
期刊介绍:
Rare Metals is a monthly peer-reviewed journal published by the Nonferrous Metals Society of China. It serves as a platform for engineers and scientists to communicate and disseminate original research articles in the field of rare metals. The journal focuses on a wide range of topics including metallurgy, processing, and determination of rare metals. Additionally, it showcases the application of rare metals in advanced materials such as superconductors, semiconductors, composites, and ceramics.