{"title":"Pollution Indices, Potential Ecological Risks and Spatial distribution of Heavy Metals in soils around Delta State, Nigeria","authors":"Moses Oghenenyoreme Eyankware, Obinna Chigoziem Akakuru, Ezekiel Obinna Igwe, Wasiu Osisanya Olajuwon, Kelechi Paulinus Ukor","doi":"10.1007/s11270-024-07209-y","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>The study investigated the pollution indices and potential ecological risks of heavy metals (HM) occurrence in the soil affected by municipal waste from selected parts of Delta state southern, Nigeria. The heavy metal concentrations were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). Heavy metals analyzed for this study are Zn, Cr, Cu, Pb, Cd, Co, Ni, and As. Findings obtained from a heavy metal risk assessment indices such as potential ecological risk assessment (ERI), index of geoaccumulation (Igeo), degree of contamination (Cdeg), and Nemerow Pollution (PNI) showed that human activities such as automobile mechanics, dumping of solid waste, and agricultural activities are the major source of heavy metals pollutionin soil within the study area. Findings obtained from Igeo are contrary to findings obtained from ERI which revealed soil samples were unpolluted, implying that the anthropogenic activities within the area had little influence on the ERI. Observation from Cdeg indicated a low contamination degree in the soil. Results from PNI showed that 36.4 %, 27.3 %, and 13.6% of analyzed soil samples were classified to be clean, slightly clean, and moderately polluted respectively. Deduction from Principal Component Analysis PCA analysis and Pearson correlation matrix suggested that anthropogenic activities within the study area have led to the occurrence of heavy metals in soil.</p>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","FirstCategoryId":"6","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-024-07209-y","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The study investigated the pollution indices and potential ecological risks of heavy metals (HM) occurrence in the soil affected by municipal waste from selected parts of Delta state southern, Nigeria. The heavy metal concentrations were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). Heavy metals analyzed for this study are Zn, Cr, Cu, Pb, Cd, Co, Ni, and As. Findings obtained from a heavy metal risk assessment indices such as potential ecological risk assessment (ERI), index of geoaccumulation (Igeo), degree of contamination (Cdeg), and Nemerow Pollution (PNI) showed that human activities such as automobile mechanics, dumping of solid waste, and agricultural activities are the major source of heavy metals pollutionin soil within the study area. Findings obtained from Igeo are contrary to findings obtained from ERI which revealed soil samples were unpolluted, implying that the anthropogenic activities within the area had little influence on the ERI. Observation from Cdeg indicated a low contamination degree in the soil. Results from PNI showed that 36.4 %, 27.3 %, and 13.6% of analyzed soil samples were classified to be clean, slightly clean, and moderately polluted respectively. Deduction from Principal Component Analysis PCA analysis and Pearson correlation matrix suggested that anthropogenic activities within the study area have led to the occurrence of heavy metals in soil.
期刊介绍:
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution is an international, interdisciplinary journal on all aspects of pollution and solutions to pollution in the biosphere. This includes chemical, physical and biological processes affecting flora, fauna, water, air and soil in relation to environmental pollution. Because of its scope, the subject areas are diverse and include all aspects of pollution sources, transport, deposition, accumulation, acid precipitation, atmospheric pollution, metals, aquatic pollution including marine pollution and ground water, waste water, pesticides, soil pollution, sewage, sediment pollution, forestry pollution, effects of pollutants on humans, vegetation, fish, aquatic species, micro-organisms, and animals, environmental and molecular toxicology applied to pollution research, biosensors, global and climate change, ecological implications of pollution and pollution models. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution also publishes manuscripts on novel methods used in the study of environmental pollutants, environmental toxicology, environmental biology, novel environmental engineering related to pollution, biodiversity as influenced by pollution, novel environmental biotechnology as applied to pollution (e.g. bioremediation), environmental modelling and biorestoration of polluted environments.
Articles should not be submitted that are of local interest only and do not advance international knowledge in environmental pollution and solutions to pollution. Articles that simply replicate known knowledge or techniques while researching a local pollution problem will normally be rejected without review. Submitted articles must have up-to-date references, employ the correct experimental replication and statistical analysis, where needed and contain a significant contribution to new knowledge. The publishing and editorial team sincerely appreciate your cooperation.
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution publishes research papers; review articles; mini-reviews; and book reviews.