Assessing tungsten-based electrodes coated with W and Ce oxides for pH sensing applications

IF 2.6 4区 化学 Q3 ELECTROCHEMISTRY
Luis Díaz-Ballote, Elsy Tarly Vega-Lizama, Luis Maldonado López, William Santiago González-Gómez
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Abstract

This study assessed tungsten-based materials with and without dispersed CeO2 for potential use as pH sensors. Specifically, three types of tungsten electrodes were characterized: tungsten electrodes without CeO2 but with native oxide, tungsten electrodes without CeO2 that were oxidized, and a tungsten electrode containing dispersed CeO2 that was oxidized, resulting in a mixture of WO3, CeO2, and Ce2O3. The characterization was performed using SEM/EDAX, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electrochemical techniques. The oxide coatings showed higher oxygen contents compared to native tungsten. XPS confirmed the presence of a thick layer of WO3 and cerium oxides. The electrodes exhibited good reproducibility and stability in pH measurements. A linear relationship was found between the open circuit potential and pH, with slopes of 44.9, 40.8, and 46.9 mV pH−1 for native oxide, WO3, and WO3 with CeO2 and Ce2O3, respectively. The latter showed the highest sensitivity and lowest hysteresis. The response times ranged from 14.5–23.5 s and were faster in acidic solutions. Overall, the inexpensive tungsten-based electrodes demonstrated promising capabilities for pH sensing, but in particular ceriated tungsten electrodes.

Abstract Image

评估涂有 W 和 Ce 氧化物的钨基电极在 pH 值传感应用中的效果
本研究评估了含有和不含有分散 CeO2 的钨基材料作为 pH 传感器的潜在用途。具体来说,对三种类型的钨电极进行了表征:不含 CeO2 但具有原生氧化物的钨电极、不含 CeO2 但已氧化的钨电极,以及含有分散 CeO2 但已氧化的钨电极,氧化后形成 WO3、CeO2 和 Ce2O3 的混合物。表征采用了 SEM/EDAX、X 射线光电子能谱 (XPS) 和电化学技术。与原生钨相比,氧化物涂层显示出更高的氧含量。XPS 证实了 WO3 和铈氧化物厚层的存在。电极在 pH 值测量中表现出良好的重现性和稳定性。开路电位与 pH 值之间呈线性关系,原生氧化物、WO3 以及含 CeO2 和 Ce2O3 的 WO3 的 pH 值斜率分别为 44.9、40.8 和 46.9 mV-1。后者显示出最高的灵敏度和最低的滞后。响应时间为 14.5-23.5 秒,在酸性溶液中更快。总之,廉价的钨基电极在 pH 值传感方面表现出了良好的性能,尤其是铈化钨电极。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.80
自引率
4.00%
发文量
227
审稿时长
4.1 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry is devoted to all aspects of solid-state chemistry and solid-state physics in electrochemistry. The Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry publishes papers on all aspects of electrochemistry of solid compounds, including experimental and theoretical, basic and applied work. It equally publishes papers on the thermodynamics and kinetics of electrochemical reactions if at least one actively participating phase is solid. Also of interest are articles on the transport of ions and electrons in solids whenever these processes are relevant to electrochemical reactions and on the use of solid-state electrochemical reactions in the analysis of solids and their surfaces. The journal covers solid-state electrochemistry and focusses on the following fields: mechanisms of solid-state electrochemical reactions, semiconductor electrochemistry, electrochemical batteries, accumulators and fuel cells, electrochemical mineral leaching, galvanic metal plating, electrochemical potential memory devices, solid-state electrochemical sensors, ion and electron transport in solid materials and polymers, electrocatalysis, photoelectrochemistry, corrosion of solid materials, solid-state electroanalysis, electrochemical machining of materials, electrochromism and electrochromic devices, new electrochemical solid-state synthesis. The Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry makes the professional in research and industry aware of this swift progress and its importance for future developments and success in the above-mentioned fields.
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