{"title":"Understanding causes of morbidity and mortality in Southern Hemisphere small Odontoceti: a scoping review","authors":"Rebecca Souter, Anne‐Lise Chaber, Luciana Möller, Lucy Woolford","doi":"10.1111/mam.12371","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<jats:list> <jats:list-item>Marine mammals serve as sentinels for environmental health, offering insights into ecosystem health. Enhancing management and conservation strategies for these species requires a comprehensive understanding of factors contributing to their morbidity and mortality.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>This review aims to identify reported causes of morbidity and mortality in small Odontoceti within the Southern Hemisphere.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>A scoping review of literature was conducted, searching Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science, with additional screening of citations for articles not captured in the search.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>The review encompassed 198 articles, with a total sample size of 25567 deceased small Odontoceti across 20 genera. A major challenge emerged, with the cause of death undetermined or unspecified in 39% of cases. Known entanglements accounted for 47% of total mortalities. Mass strandings (11%) and infectious disease (1.1%) were also reported. The study identified 14 primary infectious pathogens in 276 animals, spanning viral (CeMV = 214, H5N1 = 1), bacterial (<jats:italic>Brucella</jats:italic> sp. = 15, <jats:italic>Erysipelothrix</jats:italic> sp. = 1, <jats:italic>Streptococcus iniae</jats:italic> = 1, <jats:italic>Enterobacter kobei</jats:italic> = 1), parasitic (<jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii</jats:italic> = 15, <jats:italic>Halocercus</jats:italic> sp. = 17, <jats:italic>Clistobothrium grimaldii</jats:italic> = 1, <jats:italic>Stenurus globicephalae</jats:italic> = 1, <jats:italic>Giardia</jats:italic> sp. = 1), and fungal (<jats:italic>Aspergillus</jats:italic> sp. = 2, <jats:italic>Paracoccidioides brasiliensis</jats:italic> = 5, <jats:italic>Cryptococcus</jats:italic> sp. = 1) origins.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Anthropogenic‐induced mortality emerges as a significant threat to small Odontoceti of the Southern Hemisphere, underscoring the urgent need for enhanced conservation and management strategies. Increased surveillance of infectious pathogens is imperative, aiming to deepen our understanding of pathogen distribution, prevalence, and impact on Odontoceti health.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":49893,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Mammal Review","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mam.12371","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ECOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Marine mammals serve as sentinels for environmental health, offering insights into ecosystem health. Enhancing management and conservation strategies for these species requires a comprehensive understanding of factors contributing to their morbidity and mortality.This review aims to identify reported causes of morbidity and mortality in small Odontoceti within the Southern Hemisphere.A scoping review of literature was conducted, searching Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science, with additional screening of citations for articles not captured in the search.The review encompassed 198 articles, with a total sample size of 25567 deceased small Odontoceti across 20 genera. A major challenge emerged, with the cause of death undetermined or unspecified in 39% of cases. Known entanglements accounted for 47% of total mortalities. Mass strandings (11%) and infectious disease (1.1%) were also reported. The study identified 14 primary infectious pathogens in 276 animals, spanning viral (CeMV = 214, H5N1 = 1), bacterial (Brucella sp. = 15, Erysipelothrix sp. = 1, Streptococcus iniae = 1, Enterobacter kobei = 1), parasitic (Toxoplasma gondii = 15, Halocercus sp. = 17, Clistobothrium grimaldii = 1, Stenurus globicephalae = 1, Giardia sp. = 1), and fungal (Aspergillus sp. = 2, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis = 5, Cryptococcus sp. = 1) origins.Anthropogenic‐induced mortality emerges as a significant threat to small Odontoceti of the Southern Hemisphere, underscoring the urgent need for enhanced conservation and management strategies. Increased surveillance of infectious pathogens is imperative, aiming to deepen our understanding of pathogen distribution, prevalence, and impact on Odontoceti health.
期刊介绍:
Mammal Review is the official scientific periodical of the Mammal Society, and covers all aspects of mammalian biology and ecology, including behavioural ecology, biogeography, conservation, ecology, ethology, evolution, genetics, human ecology, management, morphology, and taxonomy. We publish Reviews drawing together information from various sources in the public domain for a new synthesis or analysis of mammalian biology; Predictive Reviews using quantitative models to provide insights into mammalian biology; Perspectives presenting original views on any aspect of mammalian biology; Comments in response to papers published in Mammal Review; and Short Communications describing new findings or methods in mammalian biology.