Widening the Martensitic Hysteresis in Ni47Ti44Nb9 Shape Memory Alloy by Grain Refinement

X. D. Cao, Q. C. Fan, M. Y. Sun, Y. H. Zhang, S. W. Zhang, Y. Y. Wang, J. Chen, Q. Yang, K. H. Sun, H. B. Peng, S. K. Huang, Y. H. Wen
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Abstract

Widening the martensitic hysteresis (\({T}_{\text{Dhys}}\)) in NiTiNb shape memory alloys (SMAs) holds potential for broadening their working temperature range while enabling the room-temperature storage. In this study, the \({T}_{\text{Dhys}}\) is divided into two parts: the thermal-induced hysteresis (\({T}_{\text{hys}}\)) and the deformation-induced hysteresis (\({T}_{\text{hys}}{{^{\prime}}}\)). In addition to decreasing the martensitic transformation start temperature (\({M}_{\text{S}}\)), it is found that grain refinement is an effective method for widening both \({T}_{\text{hys}}\) and \({T}_{\text{hys}}{{^{\prime}}}\) of the Ni47Ti44Nb9 alloy, a commercial SMA widely used for shape memory couplings. According to thermodynamic analysis, grain refinement increases the dissipation energy (\(\Delta {E}_{\text{dis}}\)) (caused by thermal friction at martensite/austenite interface), thereby widening \({T}_{\text{hys}}\). Moreover, the Ni47Ti44Nb9 alloy with finer grains has the potential to release more elastic strain energy (\(\Delta {E}_{\text{el}}\)) after deformation, thereby exhibiting a wider \({T}_{\text{hys}}{{^{\prime}}}\). When deforming a large strain, the alloy with finer grains generates more dislocations which stabilize the martensitic phase, thus further widening \({T}_{\text{hys}}{{^{\prime}}}\).

Graphical Abstract

Abstract Image

通过晶粒细化拓宽 Ni47Ti44Nb9 形状记忆合金的马氏体滞后性
拓宽镍钛铌形状记忆合金(SMA)中的马氏体滞后(\({T}_{\text{Dhys}}\))有可能拓宽其工作温度范围,同时实现室温存储。在本研究中,\({T}_{text{Dhys}}\)分为两部分:热诱导滞后(\({T}_{text{hys}}\))和形变诱导滞后(\({T}_{text{hys}}{^{prime}}}\))。除了降低马氏体转变起始温度(\({M}_\text{S}}\))外,研究还发现晶粒细化是拓宽 Ni47Ti44Nb9 合金(一种广泛用于形状记忆耦合的商用 SMA)的\({T}_\text{hys}}\)和\({T}_\text{hys}}{^{\prime}}}\)的有效方法。根据热力学分析,晶粒细化增加了耗散能(\(\Delta {E}_{\text{dis}}\) )(由马氏体/奥氏体界面的热摩擦引起),从而扩大了\({T}_{text{hys}}\)。此外,晶粒更细的 Ni47Ti44Nb9 合金在变形后有可能释放出更多的弹性应变能(\(\Delta {E}_{\text{el}}\) ),从而表现出更宽的\({T}_{text{hys}}}{^{\prime}}}\)。当变形应变较大时,具有较细晶粒的合金会产生更多的位错,从而稳定马氏体相,从而进一步加宽\({T}_{text{hys}}{^{\prime}}}。
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