{"title":"Olfactory Dysfunction in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes","authors":"E. V. Bigdai, A. A. Zuikova, A. V. Pozdnyakov","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024030220","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The article surveys literature data on a close relationship\nbetween energy balance and the sense of smell. Olfaction is one\nof the main modalities for hedonic food evaluation. Odor is one\nof the most important sensory signals, which predicts food quality\nand plays a key role in food selection and consumption. Appetite\ncan be stimulated by a variety of factors, but the leading role\nbelongs to olfactory cues (tasty smells) and hormone levels that\nsignal hunger or satiety. Olfactory perception is subject to hormonal\nmodulation. In this regard, a special focus in the article is on\nthe modulating function of insulin. Insulin, one of the main metabolic\nhormones, controls food intake and has an anorexigenic effect at\nthe level of not only the hypothalamus but also the olfactory pathway,\nbeing particularly strong in the olfactory bulb. It is the olfactory\nbulb where the rate of insulin transport is two to eight times higher than\nin other parts of the brain, and that contains highest levels of\ninsulin and insulin receptor kinase. Thus, insulin is not only able\nto penetrate to the site of olfactory information processing but\ndoes it quickly. Insulin and its receptors localize in the olfactory\nepithelium, in mature olfactory sensory neurons. Therefore, insulin\ninfluences the primary stage of odorous molecule perception, odor detection,\nwhich occurs at the level of the olfactory epithelium. In obesity\nand type 2 diabetes, the sense of smell is impaired up to its complete\nloss, worsening the quality of life in such patients. The article\nalso addresses the effectiveness of intranasal insulin administration\nfor restoring olfactory function in metabolic disorders and other\ndiseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024030220","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The article surveys literature data on a close relationship
between energy balance and the sense of smell. Olfaction is one
of the main modalities for hedonic food evaluation. Odor is one
of the most important sensory signals, which predicts food quality
and plays a key role in food selection and consumption. Appetite
can be stimulated by a variety of factors, but the leading role
belongs to olfactory cues (tasty smells) and hormone levels that
signal hunger or satiety. Olfactory perception is subject to hormonal
modulation. In this regard, a special focus in the article is on
the modulating function of insulin. Insulin, one of the main metabolic
hormones, controls food intake and has an anorexigenic effect at
the level of not only the hypothalamus but also the olfactory pathway,
being particularly strong in the olfactory bulb. It is the olfactory
bulb where the rate of insulin transport is two to eight times higher than
in other parts of the brain, and that contains highest levels of
insulin and insulin receptor kinase. Thus, insulin is not only able
to penetrate to the site of olfactory information processing but
does it quickly. Insulin and its receptors localize in the olfactory
epithelium, in mature olfactory sensory neurons. Therefore, insulin
influences the primary stage of odorous molecule perception, odor detection,
which occurs at the level of the olfactory epithelium. In obesity
and type 2 diabetes, the sense of smell is impaired up to its complete
loss, worsening the quality of life in such patients. The article
also addresses the effectiveness of intranasal insulin administration
for restoring olfactory function in metabolic disorders and other
diseases.
期刊介绍：
Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology publishes original experimental and theoretical and review articles related to evolution of the main forms of metabolism in connection with life origin; comparative and ontogenetic physiology and biochemistry, biochemical evolution of animal world; as well as evolution of functions; morphology, pharmacology, pathophysiology and ecological physiology. The journal welcomes manuscripts from all countries in the English or Russian language.
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