Towards Mass-Scale IoT with Energy-Autonomous LoRaWAN Sensor Nodes

IF 3.4 3区综合性期刊 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Sensors Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI:10.3390/s24134279

Roberto La Rosa, Lokman Boulebnane, Antonino Pagano, Fabrizio Giuliano, Daniele Croce

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Abstract

By 2030, it is expected that a trillion things will be connected. In such a scenario, the power required for the trillion nodes would necessitate using trillions of batteries, resulting in maintenance challenges and significant management costs. The objective of this research is to contribute to sustainable wireless sensor nodes through the introduction of an energy-autonomous wireless sensor node (EAWSN) designed to be an energy-autonomous, self-sufficient, and maintenance-free device, to be suitable for long-term mass-scale internet of things (IoT) applications in remote and inaccessible environments. The EAWSN utilizes Low-Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs) via LoRaWAN connectivity, and it is powered by a commercial photovoltaic cell, which can also harvest ambient light in an indoor environment. Storage components include a capacitor of 2 mF, which allows EAWSN to successfully transmit 30-byte data packets up to 560 m, thanks to opportunistic LoRaWAN data rate selection that enables a significant trade-off between energy consumption and network coverage. The reliability of the designed platform is demonstrated through validation in an urban environment, showing exceptional performance over remarkable distances.

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利用能量自主型 LoRaWAN 传感器节点实现大规模物联网

到 2030 年，预计将有万亿件物品联网。在这种情况下，万亿个节点所需的电力将需要使用数万亿个电池，从而带来维护挑战和巨大的管理成本。本研究的目标是通过引入一种能源自主型无线传感器节点（EAWSN），为可持续的无线传感器节点做出贡献。EAWSN 是一种能源自主、自给自足、免维护的设备，适合在偏远和交通不便的环境中长期大规模应用于物联网（IoT）。EAWSN 通过 LoRaWAN 连接利用低功耗广域网 (LPWAN)，由商用光伏电池供电，也可在室内环境中采集环境光。存储元件包括一个 2 mF 的电容器，这使得 EAWSN 能够成功地将 30 字节的数据包传输到 560 米以外，这要归功于机会性 LoRaWAN 数据传输速率选择，它能够在能耗和网络覆盖之间实现显著的权衡。通过在城市环境中进行验证，证明了所设计平台的可靠性，并显示出卓越的远距离性能。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Sensors 工程技术-电化学

CiteScore

7.30

自引率

12.80%

发文量

8430

审稿时长

1.7 months

期刊介绍： Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220) provides an advanced forum for the science and technology of sensors and biosensors. It publishes reviews (including comprehensive reviews on the complete sensors products), regular research papers and short notes. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced.