Degradation evolution and mechanism of sheet molding compound with variable composition exposed to acid solution environment

IF 23.2 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI:10.1007/s42114-024-00925-3

Jian Li, Xiufang Zhu, Chao Fu, Ruifeng Ming, Minxian Shi, Wenhao Dong, Jiang Guo, Xingkui Guo, Duo Pan, Dalal A. Alshammari, Saad Melhi, Hamdy Khamees Thabet, Mufang Li

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Abstract

In the present work, the sheet molding compound (SMC) composites with variable filler, resin, and fiber composition were prepared to investigate the effects of composition on the acid resistance of SMC composites. The water absorption was measured to estimate the influence of water on the mechanical properties and deterioration of SMC composites. Hardness and flexural properties tests were performed to investigate the evolution of degradation. The degradation mechanism was revealed by analyzing the change in molecule configuration, evaluating the thermal stability, and examining the fractured section. The chemical resistance and addition amount of the fillers had significant impacts on the acid resistance of SMC composites. The resin characteristics, molecule weight, free volume size, and polar group number had an important impact on the water absorption and acid resistance of SMC composites. Exposed to 25 °C and 20 wt% sulfuric acid solution for 28 days, the SMC composites exhibited a minor degradation of hollow glass microspheres (HGMs) and glass fibers (GFs). In this condition, the deterioration of mechanical properties was dominated by the resin matrix plasticization and decomposition, along with the interface degradation. It can be concluded that the original defects and weak interacted regions in the composites system initiated the degradation of SMC composites, whereas the microstructure and composition of SMC composites dominated the degradation progress.

Graphical abstract

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不同成分的片状模塑料在酸溶液环境中的降解演变及其机理

本研究制备了不同填料、树脂和纤维成分的片状模塑料（SMC）复合材料，以探讨成分对 SMC 复合材料耐酸性的影响。测量了吸水性，以估计水对 SMC 复合材料机械性能和劣化的影响。还进行了硬度和弯曲性能测试，以研究降解的演变过程。通过分析分子构型的变化、评估热稳定性和检查断裂部分，揭示了降解机理。填料的耐化学性和添加量对 SMC 复合材料的耐酸性有显著影响。树脂特性、分子量、自由体积大小和极性基团数对 SMC 复合材料的吸水性和耐酸性有重要影响。在 25 °C、20 wt% 的硫酸溶液中暴露 28 天后，SMC 复合材料的中空玻璃微球（HGM）和玻璃纤维（GF）出现轻微降解。在这种情况下，力学性能的恶化主要是树脂基体的塑化和分解以及界面降解。由此可以得出结论：复合材料体系中的原始缺陷和弱相互作用区域引发了 SMC 复合材料的降解，而 SMC 复合材料的微观结构和成分则主导了降解的进程。

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来源期刊

Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials Multiple-

CiteScore

26.00

自引率

21.40%

发文量

185

期刊介绍： Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials is a leading international journal that promotes interdisciplinary collaboration among materials scientists, engineers, chemists, biologists, and physicists working on composites, including nanocomposites. Our aim is to facilitate rapid scientific communication in this field. The journal publishes high-quality research on various aspects of composite materials, including materials design, surface and interface science/engineering, manufacturing, structure control, property design, device fabrication, and other applications. We also welcome simulation and modeling studies that are relevant to composites. Additionally, papers focusing on the relationship between fillers and the matrix are of particular interest. Our scope includes polymer, metal, and ceramic matrices, with a special emphasis on reviews and meta-analyses related to materials selection. We cover a wide range of topics, including transport properties, strategies for controlling interfaces and composition distribution, bottom-up assembly of nanocomposites, highly porous and high-density composites, electronic structure design, materials synergisms, and thermoelectric materials. Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials follows a rigorous single-blind peer-review process to ensure the quality and integrity of the published work.