Correction for the Weakening Magnetic Field Within the Sunspot Umbra Observed by ASO-S/FMG

Abstract

The magnetic field inside the sunspot umbra, as observed by the Full-disk MagnetoGraph (FMG) onboard the Advanced Space based Solar Observatory (ASO-S), was found to be experiencing a weakening. To address this issue, we employed a method developed by Xu et al. (2021) to correct the weakening in the data of 20 active regions observed by FMG during the period from 29 December 2022 to 23 July 2023. Research has revealed that the onset of magnetic field weakening occurs at a minimum magnetic field strength of 705 G, with the peak strength reaching up to 1931 G. We computed the change ratio \(R_{1}\) of the unsigned magnetic flux within the sunspot umbra, considering measurements both before and after correction. The change ratio \(R_{1}\) spans from 26% to 124%, indicating a significant increase in the unsigned magnetic flux within sunspot umbrae observed by FMG after correction. To illustrate this, we selected four active regions for comparison with data from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI). After correction, we found that the unsigned magnetic flux in sunspot umbrae measured by FMG aligns more closely with that of HMI. This supports the effectiveness of the corrective method for FMG, despite imperfections, particularly at the umbra–penumbra boundary.