Muhammad Ayyaz, Shams ur Rahman, A. Shah, Furqan Ahmad, Nasir Ali Siddiqui, Rabia Maryam, Afzal Hussain, Rafaqat Hussain
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
The discharge of toxic industrial effluents into freshwater has a significant impact on both humans and aquatic lives, which needs to be addressed on an urgent basis. SnO2, a wide bandgap material possesses good photocatalytic properties, which can be exploited to degrade organic pollutants. However, there is a need to develop an appropriate strategy to decrease its bandgap and minimize the recombination of charge carriers. For this purpose, we are reporting the synthesis of SnO2/SnSe composites by wet chemical process in various ratios. The as-synthesized samples were analyzed through various characterization techniques. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed the successful synthesis of tetragonal rutile SnO2 and orthorhombic structure of SnSe. The average crystallite size varied between 25 and 35 nm. UV–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis) confirmed that the bandgap of SnO2 and SnSe was 3.63 eV and 1.21 eV, respectively, whereas the bandgap of composites ranged from 3.47 to 3.03 eV. The FTIR spectrum exhibited absorption peaks at 745 cm−1, 1113 cm−1, and 1381 cm−1 due to the Sn–O–Sn bond and Sn–OH bond vibrations. Whereas the absorption observed at 665 cm−1 is associated with Se–O bond vibration. Raman spectroscopy revealed the bands at 629 cm−1 and 767 cm−1 for the rutile structure of SnO2 and bands at 75 cm−1, and 152 cm−1 are characteristic of SnSe. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) illustrated the formation of irregular-shaped agglomerated nanoparticles of the prepared materials. Photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) revealed that the composite containing 78% SnO2 and 32% SnSe (denoted as SS-4) was highly an highly effective catalyst and degraded 97.1% of MB in 120 min. The reaction kinetics of the prepared photocatalysts satisfied the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model.
期刊介绍:
The objective of the Journal of Nanoparticle Research is to disseminate knowledge of the physical, chemical and biological phenomena and processes in structures that have at least one lengthscale ranging from molecular to approximately 100 nm (or submicron in some situations), and exhibit improved and novel properties that are a direct result of their small size.
Nanoparticle research is a key component of nanoscience, nanoengineering and nanotechnology.
The focus of the Journal is on the specific concepts, properties, phenomena, and processes related to particles, tubes, layers, macromolecules, clusters and other finite structures of the nanoscale size range. Synthesis, assembly, transport, reactivity, and stability of such structures are considered. Development of in-situ and ex-situ instrumentation for characterization of nanoparticles and their interfaces should be based on new principles for probing properties and phenomena not well understood at the nanometer scale. Modeling and simulation may include atom-based quantum mechanics; molecular dynamics; single-particle, multi-body and continuum based models; fractals; other methods suitable for modeling particle synthesis, assembling and interaction processes. Realization and application of systems, structures and devices with novel functions obtained via precursor nanoparticles is emphasized. Approaches may include gas-, liquid-, solid-, and vacuum-based processes, size reduction, chemical- and bio-self assembly. Contributions include utilization of nanoparticle systems for enhancing a phenomenon or process and particle assembling into hierarchical structures, as well as formulation and the administration of drugs. Synergistic approaches originating from different disciplines and technologies, and interaction between the research providers and users in this field, are encouraged.