Occurrence and possible sources of antibiotic resistance genes in seawater of the South China Sea

IF 6.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL
Jian Lu, Jun Wu, Cui Zhang, Jianhua Wang, Xia He
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Abstract

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) might have great effect on ecological security and human health. Oceans are important reservoirs that receive tremendous amounts of pollutants globally. However, information on the proliferation of ARGs in seawater is still limited. This study performed field sampling to investigate the occurrence and distribution of ARGs in seawater of the South China Sea, which is the deepest and largest sea in China. The results showed that the total absolute abundances of ARGs in seawater samples ranged from 2.1 × 103 to 2.3 × 104 copies/mL, with an of 5.0 × 103 copies/mL and a range of 2.2 × 103–1.8 × 104 copies/mL for those with mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Genes resistant to multidrug, aminoglycoside, tetracycline, and fluoroquinolone antibiotics accounted for 77.3%–88.6% of total ARGs in seawater. Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria represented 32.1%–56.2% and 30.4%–49.5% of microbial community, respectively. Prochlorococcus_MIT9313 and Clade_la were the prevalent genera in seawater of the South China Sea. Complex co-occurrence relationship existed among ARGs, MGEs, and bacteria. Anthropogenic activities had critical influence on ARGs and MGEs. Hospital wastewater, wastewater treatment plant effluent, sewage, aquaculture tailwater, and runoff were determined as the important sources of ARGs in seawater of the South China Sea based on positive matrix factorization analysis.

南海海水中抗生素耐药性基因的出现和可能来源
抗生素耐药基因(ARGs)可能对生态安全和人类健康产生重大影响。海洋是全球接收大量污染物的重要水库。然而,有关海水中 ARGs 扩散的信息仍然有限。本研究在中国最深、面积最大的海域--南海进行了实地取样,调查海水中 ARGs 的发生和分布情况。结果表明,海水样本中 ARGs 的绝对丰度为 2.1 × 103 至 2.3 × 104 个拷贝/毫升,其中 5.0 × 103 个拷贝/毫升,移动遗传因子(MGEs)的绝对丰度范围为 2.2 × 103-1.8 × 104 个拷贝/毫升。耐多药、氨基糖苷类、四环素类和氟喹诺酮类抗生素的基因占海水中 ARGs 总量的 77.3%-88.6%。蛋白细菌和蓝藻分别占微生物群落的 32.1%-56.2%和 30.4%-49.5%。Prochlorococcus_MIT9313 和 Clade_la 是南海海水中的主要菌属。ARGs、MGEs和细菌之间存在复杂的共生关系。人类活动对 ARGs 和 MGEs 有重要影响。根据正矩阵因子分析,医院废水、污水处理厂出水、生活污水、养殖尾水和径流被确定为南海海水中 ARGs 的重要来源。
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来源期刊
Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering
Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL-ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
CiteScore
10.90
自引率
12.50%
发文量
988
审稿时长
6.1 months
期刊介绍: Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering (FESE) is an international journal for researchers interested in a wide range of environmental disciplines. The journal''s aim is to advance and disseminate knowledge in all main branches of environmental science & engineering. The journal emphasizes papers in developing fields, as well as papers showing the interaction between environmental disciplines and other disciplines. FESE is a bi-monthly journal. Its peer-reviewed contents consist of a broad blend of reviews, research papers, policy analyses, short communications, and opinions. Nonscheduled “special issue” and "hot topic", including a review article followed by a couple of related research articles, are organized to publish novel contributions and breaking results on all aspects of environmental field.
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