{"title":"Evaporation with Salt Crystallization in Capillaries of Different Cross Sections","authors":"Li Dong, Shuiqing Liu, Guanhua Huang, Yunwu Xiong","doi":"10.1007/s11242-024-02106-8","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Evaporation-induced salt crystallization in complex porous structures is highly important for diverse scientific and industrial fields. Individual capillary tubes are elementary components used for investigating flow and transport in the interparticle interstices of porous media. In this study, the effects of the angularity and size of capillary tubes on water evaporation and salt crystallization were investigated through monitoring the receding meniscus, salt crystal morphology and growth process in capillary tubes with different cross sections. The Stefan diffusive and two-regional models were used to simulate evaporation from capillaries of different cross-sectional shapes in the absence and in the presence of salt, respectively. The evaporation process of deionized water in round tubes could be divided into two stages: the falling rate and the receding front stages. However, the evaporation process of deionized water for the square tubes, where a liquid film was formed, could be divided into three stages: a constant rate, receding front and falling rate stages. The salt evaporation rate was lower than that of deionized water owing to the lower water activity and obstruction from the salt crystals. The evaporation rate was proportional to the tube diameter for the round capillaries and inversely proportional to the inner side length of the square capillaries for both deionized water and the salt solution. Owing to the effect of thick liquid films on both the drying rate and ion transport, crystallization occurred in the bulk meniscus within a round tube, while crystallization preferentially occurred at the tube entrance for the square tubes. The agreement between the experimental observations and model simulations revealed that the two-region model was capable of describing the evaporation-induced salt crystallization in the square tubes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":804,"journal":{"name":"Transport in Porous Media","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Transport in Porous Media","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11242-024-02106-8","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Evaporation-induced salt crystallization in complex porous structures is highly important for diverse scientific and industrial fields. Individual capillary tubes are elementary components used for investigating flow and transport in the interparticle interstices of porous media. In this study, the effects of the angularity and size of capillary tubes on water evaporation and salt crystallization were investigated through monitoring the receding meniscus, salt crystal morphology and growth process in capillary tubes with different cross sections. The Stefan diffusive and two-regional models were used to simulate evaporation from capillaries of different cross-sectional shapes in the absence and in the presence of salt, respectively. The evaporation process of deionized water in round tubes could be divided into two stages: the falling rate and the receding front stages. However, the evaporation process of deionized water for the square tubes, where a liquid film was formed, could be divided into three stages: a constant rate, receding front and falling rate stages. The salt evaporation rate was lower than that of deionized water owing to the lower water activity and obstruction from the salt crystals. The evaporation rate was proportional to the tube diameter for the round capillaries and inversely proportional to the inner side length of the square capillaries for both deionized water and the salt solution. Owing to the effect of thick liquid films on both the drying rate and ion transport, crystallization occurred in the bulk meniscus within a round tube, while crystallization preferentially occurred at the tube entrance for the square tubes. The agreement between the experimental observations and model simulations revealed that the two-region model was capable of describing the evaporation-induced salt crystallization in the square tubes.
期刊介绍:
-Publishes original research on physical, chemical, and biological aspects of transport in porous media-
Papers on porous media research may originate in various areas of physics, chemistry, biology, natural or materials science, and engineering (chemical, civil, agricultural, petroleum, environmental, electrical, and mechanical engineering)-
Emphasizes theory, (numerical) modelling, laboratory work, and non-routine applications-
Publishes work of a fundamental nature, of interest to a wide readership, that provides novel insight into porous media processes-
Expanded in 2007 from 12 to 15 issues per year.
Transport in Porous Media publishes original research on physical and chemical aspects of transport phenomena in rigid and deformable porous media. These phenomena, occurring in single and multiphase flow in porous domains, can be governed by extensive quantities such as mass of a fluid phase, mass of component of a phase, momentum, or energy. Moreover, porous medium deformations can be induced by the transport phenomena, by chemical and electro-chemical activities such as swelling, or by external loading through forces and displacements. These porous media phenomena may be studied by researchers from various areas of physics, chemistry, biology, natural or materials science, and engineering (chemical, civil, agricultural, petroleum, environmental, electrical, and mechanical engineering).