Effect of solid lubricant additives on solid particle erosion characteristics of rigid and toughened epoxy resins

IF 3.8 4区工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology Pub Date : 2024-06-28 DOI:10.1002/vnl.22132

Pelin Özzaim Toker, Orkan Baran Korkusuz, Elanur Ozun, Reyhan Ceylan, Sinan Fidan, Eser Yarar, Mustafa Özgür Bora, Tamer Sınmazçelik

{"title":"Effect of solid lubricant additives on solid particle erosion characteristics of rigid and toughened epoxy resins","authors":"Pelin Özzaim Toker, Orkan Baran Korkusuz, Elanur Ozun, Reyhan Ceylan, Sinan Fidan, Eser Yarar, Mustafa Özgür Bora, Tamer Sınmazçelik","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22132","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n \n <section>\n \n <p>Solid lubricants are added to polymers to upgrade their tribological properties, especially in cases where adhesive and abrasive friction are valid. However, there are not enough studies on the effects of solid lubricants on particle erosion. This study investigated the effects on solid particle erosion behavior of three different well known solid lubricants (molybdenum disulfide, polytetrafluoroethylene, and graphite). These solid lubricants were added at three different ratios (5, 10, and 15 wt.%) to the two different type (rigid and toughened) epoxy resins. Garnet abrasive particles (180–400 μm) were blasted to the sample surface under 1.5 bar for 15 s to conduct solid particle erosion tests. The erosive wear mechanisms of neat and solid lubricant-reinforced epoxy resins were investigated in relation to the epoxy type, solid lubricant type, and solid lubricant reinforcement ratio. Statistical analysis was performed according to response surface methodology to support the experimental results, and ANOVA tables were obtained. The wear and deformations that occurred on the surface after solid particle erosion were examined using a noncontact optical profilometer system and scanning electron microscopy, and a significant relationship was detected between the deformation on the surface and particle erosion. Analysis results showed that the factor causing the greatest erosion rate change was the epoxy resin type. Finally, it has been observed that all solid lubricants reduce the erosive wear resistance, and this resistance decreases as the weight ratio increases.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Highlights</h3>\n \n <div>\n <ul>\n \n <li>Investigations were conducted into the erosion behavior of two types of epoxy resins: rigid and toughened. The toughened epoxy resin exhibited greater resistance to erosion. Although it has the same type of content, on average, rigid epoxy worn 2–4 times more than toughened epoxy.</li>\n \n <li>The effect of adding polytetrafluoroethylene tended to increase the erosion rate of both rigid and toughened epoxy resin less than that of other solid lubricants.</li>\n \n <li>Graphite particles increased the erosion rate of toughened epoxy by 1.5–3 times and that of rigid epoxy by 2–3 times, depending on the value of the reinforcement ratio.</li>\n \n <li>MoS<sub>2</sub> increased the erosion rate of toughened epoxy by 1.5–3 times and that of rigid epoxy by 2–3 times.</li>\n \n <li>Using a noncontact optical profilometer (for investigating surface topography), it was proven that there is a significant relationship between the erosion rate and roughness characteristics. Wear mechanisms were identified by SEM analysis.</li>\n </ul>\n </div>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"30 6","pages":"1468-1484"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/vnl.22132","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/vnl.22132","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, APPLIED","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Solid lubricants are added to polymers to upgrade their tribological properties, especially in cases where adhesive and abrasive friction are valid. However, there are not enough studies on the effects of solid lubricants on particle erosion. This study investigated the effects on solid particle erosion behavior of three different well known solid lubricants (molybdenum disulfide, polytetrafluoroethylene, and graphite). These solid lubricants were added at three different ratios (5, 10, and 15 wt.%) to the two different type (rigid and toughened) epoxy resins. Garnet abrasive particles (180–400 μm) were blasted to the sample surface under 1.5 bar for 15 s to conduct solid particle erosion tests. The erosive wear mechanisms of neat and solid lubricant-reinforced epoxy resins were investigated in relation to the epoxy type, solid lubricant type, and solid lubricant reinforcement ratio. Statistical analysis was performed according to response surface methodology to support the experimental results, and ANOVA tables were obtained. The wear and deformations that occurred on the surface after solid particle erosion were examined using a noncontact optical profilometer system and scanning electron microscopy, and a significant relationship was detected between the deformation on the surface and particle erosion. Analysis results showed that the factor causing the greatest erosion rate change was the epoxy resin type. Finally, it has been observed that all solid lubricants reduce the erosive wear resistance, and this resistance decreases as the weight ratio increases.

Highlights

Investigations were conducted into the erosion behavior of two types of epoxy resins: rigid and toughened. The toughened epoxy resin exhibited greater resistance to erosion. Although it has the same type of content, on average, rigid epoxy worn 2–4 times more than toughened epoxy.
The effect of adding polytetrafluoroethylene tended to increase the erosion rate of both rigid and toughened epoxy resin less than that of other solid lubricants.
Graphite particles increased the erosion rate of toughened epoxy by 1.5–3 times and that of rigid epoxy by 2–3 times, depending on the value of the reinforcement ratio.
MoS₂ increased the erosion rate of toughened epoxy by 1.5–3 times and that of rigid epoxy by 2–3 times.
Using a noncontact optical profilometer (for investigating surface topography), it was proven that there is a significant relationship between the erosion rate and roughness characteristics. Wear mechanisms were identified by SEM analysis.

Abstract Image

查看原文本刊更多论文

固体润滑剂添加剂对刚性和增韧环氧树脂固体颗粒侵蚀特性的影响

固体润滑剂被添加到聚合物中，以提高其摩擦学特性，尤其是在粘合摩擦和研磨摩擦有效的情况下。然而，关于固体润滑剂对颗粒侵蚀影响的研究还不够多。本研究调查了三种不同的知名固体润滑剂（二硫化钼、聚四氟乙烯和石墨）对固体颗粒侵蚀行为的影响。这些固体润滑剂以三种不同的比例（5、10 和 15 wt.%）添加到两种不同类型（硬质和增韧）的环氧树脂中。在 1.5 巴的压力下，将石榴石磨料颗粒（180-400 μm）喷射到样品表面 15 秒，以进行固体颗粒侵蚀试验。研究了纯环氧树脂和固体润滑剂增强环氧树脂的侵蚀磨损机制与环氧树脂类型、固体润滑剂类型和固体润滑剂增强比例的关系。为支持实验结果，根据响应面方法进行了统计分析，并得出了方差分析表。使用非接触式光学轮廓仪系统和扫描电子显微镜检测了固体颗粒侵蚀后表面产生的磨损和变形，发现表面变形与颗粒侵蚀之间存在显著关系。分析结果表明，导致侵蚀率变化最大的因素是环氧树脂类型。最后，还观察到所有固体润滑剂都会降低抗侵蚀磨损性，并且这种抗侵蚀磨损性会随着重量比的增加而降低。增韧环氧树脂表现出更强的抗侵蚀能力。虽然具有相同类型的成分，但刚性环氧树脂的平均磨损量是增韧环氧树脂的 2-4 倍。与其他固体润滑剂相比，添加聚四氟乙烯对刚性环氧树脂和增韧环氧树脂侵蚀率的增加作用较小。石墨颗粒使增韧环氧树脂的侵蚀速率增加了 1.5-3 倍，使刚性环氧树脂的侵蚀速率增加了 2-3 倍，具体取决于增强比值。MoS2 使增韧环氧树脂的侵蚀率提高了 1.5-3 倍，使刚性环氧树脂的侵蚀率提高了 2-3 倍。使用非接触式光学轮廓仪（用于研究表面形貌）证明，侵蚀速率与粗糙度特征之间存在显著关系。通过 SEM 分析确定了磨损机制。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology 工程技术-材料科学：纺织

CiteScore

5.40

自引率

14.80%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology is a peer-reviewed technical publication for new work in the fields of polymer modifiers and additives, vinyl polymers and selected review papers. Over half of all papers in JVAT are based on technology of additives and modifiers for all classes of polymers: thermoset polymers and both condensation and addition thermoplastics. Papers on vinyl technology include PVC additives.