Prevalence of depression in hypertensive patients and its associated factors in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis

IF 1.2 Q3 CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS

Hipertension y Riesgo Vascular Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI:10.1016/j.hipert.2024.05.003

A. Dutta , V. Chaudhary , A.K. Gupta , K. Murti , S. Kumari , D. Dhir , S. Meenakshi , C. Ahuja , B. Sharma , B. Pal

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Abstract

Background

Hypertension is a prevalent health challenge in India, with a bidirectional link to depression. Recognizing the prevalence of depression among hypertensive patients and associated factors are important for better health outcomes.

Methods

A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases to identify relevant studies. R software was used for analysis, employing a random effects model with a 95% confidence interval. Subgroup analyses were done to explore sources of heterogeneity within the included studies.

Results

The prevalence of depression among hypertensive patients in India was 39.8% (95% CI: 28.6; 52.1). Despite a higher prevalence observed in South region (44.7%) compared to North (26.9%), the difference was not significant (p = 0.39). Studies utilizing different assessment scales and varying sample sizes yielded similar prevalence. However, a temporal trend analysis indicated a higher prevalence in studies published between 2020 and 2023 (52.6%) compared to those published between 2016 and 2019 (35.5%) (p = 0.03). Major factors associated with depression included lower socioeconomic status, low education level, female gender, uncontrolled hypertension, and COVID-19 related factors.

Conclusions

A significant proportion of hypertensive patients suffer from depression. Therefore, screening for depression in hypertensive patients is essential to improve hypertension management in India.

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印度高血压患者的抑郁症患病率及其相关因素：系统回顾与荟萃分析。

背景：高血压是印度普遍存在的健康问题，与抑郁症有双向联系。认识高血压患者中抑郁症的发病率及相关因素对于改善健康状况非常重要：在 PubMed、Embase、Scopus 和 Google Scholar 数据库中进行了全面搜索，以确定相关研究。使用 R 软件进行分析，采用随机效应模型，置信区间为 95%。对纳入的研究进行了分组分析，以探讨异质性的来源：印度高血压患者的抑郁症患病率为 39.8%（95% CI：28.6；52.1）。尽管南部地区的患病率（44.7%）高于北部地区（26.9%），但差异并不显著（P=0.39）。采用不同评估量表和不同样本量的研究得出了相似的患病率。然而，时间趋势分析表明，2020 年至 2023 年间发表的研究（52.6%）的患病率高于 2016 年至 2019 年间发表的研究（35.5%）（P=0.03）。与抑郁症相关的主要因素包括较低的社会经济地位、低教育水平、女性性别、未控制的高血压以及COVID-19相关因素：结论：相当一部分高血压患者患有抑郁症。因此，对高血压患者进行抑郁症筛查对于改善印度的高血压管理至关重要。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Hipertension y Riesgo Vascular Medicine-Internal Medicine

CiteScore

1.70

自引率

16.70%

发文量

审稿时长

39 days

期刊介绍： La mejor publicación para mantenerse al día en los avances de la lucha contra esta patología. Incluye artículos de Investigación, Originales, Revisiones, Casos clínicos, Aplicación práctica y Resúmenes comentados a la bibliografía internacional. Además, es la Publicación Oficial de la Sociedad española de Hipertensión-Liga Española para la Lucha contra la Hipertensión Arterial.