Insights into In Situ Benthic Caging Tests for Ecotoxicity Assessments Targeting Discharging Groundwater Contaminant Plumes

IF 3.7 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
J. W. Roy, L. Grapentine
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

While in situ toxicity testing with caged organisms has been used to assess surface water and sediment contamination, no successful application to benthic organisms exposed to highly contaminated groundwater plumes discharging to surface waters has been reported. The objective of this study was to demonstrate and evaluate this application using four sets of tests performed at three previously reported contaminated groundwater sites, which include one river site affected by volatile organic contaminant plumes, and two sites, one pond and one small urban stream, impacted by landfill plumes. The study examined multiple cage designs and orientations and two test organisms: an amphipod (Hyalella azteca) and midge larvae (Chironomus riparius; only one study). Cages were deployed for between 5 and 28 days and assessed for organism survival and growth. At all sites and for some deployment conditions, cages exposed to high contaminant concentrations in the plume footprint had greater mortality compared to those exposed to lower or background concentrations. Organism growth was less clear as a metric of toxicity. Vertically oriented cages typically showed high mortality to plume contaminants, but some were also affected by other non-target groundwater conditions (e.g., low dissolved oxygen, other contaminant sources), while horizontally oriented cages were rarely responsive to either groundwater influence. A hybrid cage design showed much promise in its single study. Useful observations on the test organisms and on potentially problematic site conditions were also made. The informed use of in situ toxicity cages could be an additional beneficial tool for groundwater contaminated site assessments.

针对地下水污染物羽流进行生态毒性评估的原位底栖生物笼养试验的启示。
虽然笼养生物的原位毒性测试已被用于评估地表水和沉积物污染,但尚未有报道称成功应用于暴露于向地表水排放的高污染地下水羽流中的底栖生物。本研究的目的是通过在三个先前报告的受污染地下水地点(包括一个受挥发性有机污染物羽流影响的河流地点和两个受垃圾填埋羽流影响的地点(一个池塘和一条城市小溪流))进行的四组测试来演示和评估这种应用。研究考察了多种笼子设计和方向以及两种测试生物:片脚类动物(Hyalella azteca)和蠓幼虫(Chironomus riparius;仅有一项研究)。笼子放置 5 到 28 天,评估生物的存活和生长情况。在所有地点和某些部署条件下,与暴露在较低或背景浓度下的笼子相比,暴露在羽流足迹中高浓度污染物下的笼子死亡率更高。作为衡量毒性的指标,生物生长情况并不明显。垂直放置的笼子通常对羽流污染物有较高的死亡率,但有些笼子也会受到其他非目标地下水条件(如低溶解氧、其他污染物来源)的影响,而水平放置的笼子则很少对这两种地下水影响做出反应。在单项研究中,混合笼设计显示出很大的前景。此外,还对试验生物和可能存在问题的现场条件进行了有益的观察。在知情的情况下使用原位毒性笼可以成为地下水污染场地评估的另一个有益工具。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
7.00
自引率
2.50%
发文量
63
审稿时长
8-16 weeks
期刊介绍: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology provides a place for the publication of timely, detailed, and definitive scientific studies pertaining to the source, transport, fate and / or effects of contaminants in the environment. The journal will consider submissions dealing with new analytical and toxicological techniques that advance our understanding of the source, transport, fate and / or effects of contaminants in the environment. AECT will now consider mini-reviews (where length including references is less than 5,000 words), which highlight case studies, a geographic topic of interest, or a timely subject of debate. AECT will also consider Special Issues on subjects of broad interest. The journal strongly encourages authors to ensure that their submission places a strong emphasis on ecosystem processes; submissions limited to technical aspects of such areas as toxicity testing for single chemicals, wastewater effluent characterization, human occupation exposure, or agricultural phytotoxicity are unlikely to be considered.
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