Effect of crosslinker/porogen ratio on sponge-nested polymer monoliths for solid-phase extraction

Abstract

Polymer monoliths can be polymerised within different molds, but limited options are available for the preparation of free-standing polymer monoliths for analytical sample preparation, and in particular, solid-phase extraction (SPE). Commercial melamine-formaldehyde sponges can be used as supports for the preparation of polymer monoliths, due its flexibility, giving various shapes to monoliths. Herein, the crosslinker/porogen ratio of highly porous sponge-nested divinylbenzene (DVB) polymer monoliths has been evaluated. Monoliths prepared using different crosslinker/porogen ratios were applied to the extraction of bisphenol F, bisphenol A, bisphenol AF, and bisphenol B. Monoliths containing 50 wt % DVB and 50 wt % porogens presented the highest recovery of bisphenols. Under the optimised conditions, the developed method showed a linear range between 2.5 µg L⁻¹ and 150 µg L⁻¹ for BPA and BPAF, and between 5 µg L⁻¹ and 150 µg L⁻¹ for BPB and BPF. The limits of detection (LOD, S/N = 3) and limits of quantification (LOQ, S/N = 10) ranged from 0.36 µg L⁻¹ to 1.09 µg L⁻¹, and from 1.20 µg L⁻¹ to 3.65 µg L⁻¹, respectively. The recoveries for spiked bisphenols (10 µg L⁻¹) in tap water and water contained in a polycarbonate containers were between 82 % and 114 %.