FeCl3-Doped Cobalt Ferrite as an Efficient Magnetic Catalyst for PET Glycolysis Depolymerization

IF 4.7 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Journal of Polymers and the Environment Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI:10.1007/s10924-024-03341-2

Somayeh Mohammadi, Martin G. Bouldo, Mojtaba Enayati

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Abstract

A comparative study of cobalt ferrite (CoFe₂O₄) catalysts synthesized via three different methods is presented, aiming to evaluate their catalytic activities in poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) chemical depolymerization by glycolysis. The synthesized catalysts have been characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The conversion of PET into bis(2-hydroxyethyl)terephthalate (BHET) monomer was examined using these cobalt ferrites. The BHET in the reaction mixture was analyzed by FTIR, HPLC, DSC, and TGA and results show the catalyst synthesized by coprecipitation demonstrates the highest BHET yield (95.4%) at a temperature of 200 °C and a pressure of 0.7 bar in 1 h with only 1.0 wt% loading. Hydrothermal synthesized CoFe₂O₄ and solvent-free synthesized CoFe₂O₄ both showed lower BHET yields. The catalytic performance of the coprecipitated CoFe₂O₄ catalyst was influenced by the presence of unintentionally trapped FeCl₃ within the catalyst, which resulted in its enhanced activity. The CoFe₂O₄ catalyst from coprecipitation exhibited acceptable magnetic recoverability and reusability for four consecutive cycles, further highlighting its usefulness and sustainability.

Graphical Abstract

Abstract Image

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掺杂 FeCl3 的钴铁氧体作为 PET 乙二醇解聚的高效磁性催化剂

本文对通过三种不同方法合成的钴铁氧体（CoFe2O4）催化剂进行了比较研究，旨在评估它们在聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）通过乙二醇进行化学解聚过程中的催化活性。通过 X 射线光电子能谱、X 射线衍射、X 射线荧光、扫描电子显微镜和能量色散光谱对合成的催化剂进行了表征。使用这些钴铁氧体研究了 PET 向对苯二甲酸二（2-羟乙基）酯（BHET）单体的转化。通过傅立叶变换红外光谱、高效液相色谱、DSC 和 TGA 分析了反应混合物中的 BHET，结果表明共沉淀法合成的催化剂在温度为 200 ℃、压力为 0.7 巴的条件下，1 小时内的 BHET 产率最高（95.4%），而负载量仅为 1.0 wt%。水热合成 CoFe2O4 和无溶剂合成 CoFe2O4 的 BHET 产率都较低。共沉淀 CoFe2O4 催化剂的催化性能受到催化剂中无意捕获的 FeCl3 的影响，这导致其活性增强。共沉淀产生的 CoFe2O4 催化剂在连续四个循环中表现出可接受的磁性可回收性和可再利用性，进一步突出了其实用性和可持续性。

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来源期刊

Journal of Polymers and the Environment 工程技术-高分子科学

CiteScore

9.50

自引率

7.50%

发文量

297

审稿时长

9 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Polymers and the Environment fills the need for an international forum in this diverse and rapidly expanding field. The journal serves a crucial role for the publication of information from a wide range of disciplines and is a central outlet for the publication of high-quality peer-reviewed original papers, review articles and short communications. The journal is intentionally interdisciplinary in regard to contributions and covers the following subjects - polymers, environmentally degradable polymers, and degradation pathways: biological, photochemical, oxidative and hydrolytic; new environmental materials: derived by chemical and biosynthetic routes; environmental blends and composites; developments in processing and reactive processing of environmental polymers; characterization of environmental materials: mechanical, physical, thermal, rheological, morphological, and others; recyclable polymers and plastics recycling environmental testing: in-laboratory simulations, outdoor exposures, and standardization of methodologies; environmental fate: end products and intermediates of biodegradation; microbiology and enzymology of polymer biodegradation; solid-waste management and public legislation specific to environmental polymers; and other related topics.