{"title":"Roles of M1 and M2 macrophage infiltration in post-renal transplant antibody-mediated rejection","authors":"Xiaoxiao Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.trim.2024.102076","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>We aimed to analyze the roles of M1 and M2 macrophage infiltration in post-renal transplant antibody-mediated rejection (AMR).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 102 recipients who underwent renal allotransplant from January 2020 to February 2023 were divided into an immune tolerance group (<em>n</em> = 56) and a rejection group (<em>n</em> = 46). The transplant renal biopsy specimens were harvested by ultrasound-guided puncture. The M1 and M2 macrophages in renal tissues were counted, and the M1/M2 ratio was calculated. The numbers of M1 and M2 macrophages and M1/M2 ratios in patients with different severities of interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (IF/TA) and different degrees of tubulointerstitial inflammatory cell infiltration were compared. The predictive values of M1 and M2 macrophages and M1/M2 ratio for post-renal transplant AMR were clarified.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The rejection group had significantly more M1 and M2 macrophages and higher M1/M2 ratio than those of the immune tolerance group (<em>P <</em> 0.05). In the rejection group, infiltrating macrophages were mainly distributed in the glomerular and interstitial capillaries, with M1 macrophages being the predominant type. With increasing severity of IF/TA, the numbers of M1 and M2 macrophages and M1/M2 ratio rose in patients with post-renal transplant AMR (<em>P <</em> 0.05). The numbers and ratio had significant positive correlations with the levels of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine (<em>P <</em> 0.05). The areas under the curves (AUCs) of numbers and M1 and M2 macrophages and M1/M2 ratio for predicting post-renal transplant AMR were 0.856, 0.839 and 0.887, respectively. The combined detection had AUC of 0.911 (95% CI: 0.802–0.986), sensitivity of 90.43% and specificity of 83.42%.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Significant macrophage infiltration is present in the case of post-renal transplant AMR, and closely related to the severity of IF/TA and the degree of tubulointerstitial inflammatory cell infiltration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23304,"journal":{"name":"Transplant immunology","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102076"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Transplant immunology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0966327424000923","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"IMMUNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background
We aimed to analyze the roles of M1 and M2 macrophage infiltration in post-renal transplant antibody-mediated rejection (AMR).
Methods
A total of 102 recipients who underwent renal allotransplant from January 2020 to February 2023 were divided into an immune tolerance group (n = 56) and a rejection group (n = 46). The transplant renal biopsy specimens were harvested by ultrasound-guided puncture. The M1 and M2 macrophages in renal tissues were counted, and the M1/M2 ratio was calculated. The numbers of M1 and M2 macrophages and M1/M2 ratios in patients with different severities of interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (IF/TA) and different degrees of tubulointerstitial inflammatory cell infiltration were compared. The predictive values of M1 and M2 macrophages and M1/M2 ratio for post-renal transplant AMR were clarified.
Results
The rejection group had significantly more M1 and M2 macrophages and higher M1/M2 ratio than those of the immune tolerance group (P < 0.05). In the rejection group, infiltrating macrophages were mainly distributed in the glomerular and interstitial capillaries, with M1 macrophages being the predominant type. With increasing severity of IF/TA, the numbers of M1 and M2 macrophages and M1/M2 ratio rose in patients with post-renal transplant AMR (P < 0.05). The numbers and ratio had significant positive correlations with the levels of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine (P < 0.05). The areas under the curves (AUCs) of numbers and M1 and M2 macrophages and M1/M2 ratio for predicting post-renal transplant AMR were 0.856, 0.839 and 0.887, respectively. The combined detection had AUC of 0.911 (95% CI: 0.802–0.986), sensitivity of 90.43% and specificity of 83.42%.
Conclusions
Significant macrophage infiltration is present in the case of post-renal transplant AMR, and closely related to the severity of IF/TA and the degree of tubulointerstitial inflammatory cell infiltration.
期刊介绍：
Transplant Immunology will publish up-to-date information on all aspects of the broad field it encompasses. The journal will be directed at (basic) scientists, tissue typers, transplant physicians and surgeons, and research and data on all immunological aspects of organ-, tissue- and (haematopoietic) stem cell transplantation are of potential interest to the readers of Transplant Immunology. Original papers, Review articles and Hypotheses will be considered for publication and submitted manuscripts will be rapidly peer-reviewed and published. They will be judged on the basis of scientific merit, originality, timeliness and quality.
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