Congenital orbital teratoma: a rare case with intracranial extension.

Abstract

Introduction: Teratoma is the most common congenital tumor, but the orbital location is rare. It is composed of tissues from ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.

Clinical presentation: Congenital orbital teratoma commonly presents as unilateral proptosis, with rapid growth, leading to exposure keratopathy.

Diagnosis: Prenatal ultrasound may detect the orbital mass, computed tomography (CT) scans, and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging are better in demonstrating multilocular cystic and solid mass, without bone erosion. Laboratory tests should include alfa-fetoprotein (AFP) and B-human chorionic gonadotropin (B-HCG), and histopathologically, it contains all three germ cell layers components. The management is surgical removal of the lesion, the mature teratoma has a benign behavior, and the immature has a poor prognostic. We describe a rare case of congenital orbital teratoma with intracranial extension of the lesion, in which was treated with orbital exenteration. After surgery, AFP levels decreased, the middle face displacement has improved and development milestones were appropriate.