Competitive interactions affect introgression and population viability amidst maladaptive hybridization

IF 3.5 2区 生物学 Q1 EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
Thomas Eric Reed, Adam Kane, Philip McGinnity, Ronan James O'Sullivan
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The deliberate release of captive-bred individuals, the accidental escape of domesticated strains, or the invasion of closely related conspecifics into wild populations can all lead to introgressive hybridization, which poses a challenge for conservation and wildlife management. Rates of introgression and the magnitude of associated demographic impacts vary widely across ecological contexts. However, the reasons for this variation remain poorly understood. One rarely considered phenomenon in this context is soft selection, wherein relative trait values determine success in intraspecific competition for a limiting resource. Here we develop an eco-genetic model explicitly focussed on understanding the influence of such competitive interactions on the eco-evolutionary dynamics of wild populations experiencing an influx of foreign/domesticated individuals. The model is applicable to any taxon that experiences natural or human-mediated inputs of locally maladapted genotypes (‘intrusion’), in addition to phenotype-dependent competition for a limiting resource (e.g. breeding sites, feeding territories). The effects of both acute and chronic intrusion depended strongly on the relative competitiveness of intruders versus locals. When intruders were competitively inferior, density-dependent regulation limited their reproductive success (ability to compete for limited spawning sites), which prevented strong introgression or population declines from occurring. In contrast, when intruders were competitively superior, this amplified introgression and led to increased maladaptation of the admixed population. This had negative consequences for population size and population viability. The results were sensitive to the intrusion level, the magnitude of reproductive excess, trait heritability and the extent to which intruders were maladapted relative to locals. Our findings draw attention to under-appreciated interactions between phenotype-dependent competitive interactions and maladaptive hybridization, which may be critical to determining the impact captive breeding programmes and domesticated escapees can have on otherwise self-sustaining wild populations.

Abstract Image

竞争性相互作用会影响适应性不良杂交中的引种和种群生存能力。
故意释放人工饲养的个体、驯化品系的意外逃逸或近缘同种生物入侵野生种群都可能导致外来杂交,这给保护和野生动物管理带来了挑战。在不同的生态环境中,引种杂交的速度和相关人口影响的程度差异很大。然而,人们对造成这种差异的原因仍然知之甚少。在这种情况下,一种很少被考虑的现象是软选择,即相对性状值决定了种内对限制性资源竞争的成败。在这里,我们建立了一个生态遗传模型,明确侧重于理解这种竞争互动对经历外来/驯化个体涌入的野生种群生态进化动态的影响。该模型适用于任何经历过自然或人为因素造成的本地不适应基因型输入("入侵")的类群,以及与表型相关的对限制性资源(如繁殖地、觅食地)的竞争。急性和慢性入侵的影响在很大程度上取决于入侵者与本地者的相对竞争力。当入侵者在竞争中处于劣势时,密度依赖性调节会限制其繁殖成功率(竞争有限产卵场所的能力),从而防止出现强烈的引入或种群数量下降。与此相反,当入侵者在竞争中处于优势地位时,这就会扩大引种,导致混入种群的适应不良情况加剧。这对种群数量和种群生存能力产生了负面影响。研究结果对入侵水平、繁殖过剩程度、性状遗传率以及入侵者相对于本地人的适应不良程度都很敏感。我们的研究结果提醒人们注意表型依赖性竞争相互作用和适应不良杂交之间未得到充分重视的相互作用,这对于确定圈养繁殖计划和驯化逃逸者对原本可自我维持的野生种群的影响可能至关重要。
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来源期刊
Evolutionary Applications
Evolutionary Applications 生物-进化生物学
CiteScore
8.50
自引率
7.30%
发文量
175
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: Evolutionary Applications is a fully peer reviewed open access journal. It publishes papers that utilize concepts from evolutionary biology to address biological questions of health, social and economic relevance. Papers are expected to employ evolutionary concepts or methods to make contributions to areas such as (but not limited to): medicine, agriculture, forestry, exploitation and management (fisheries and wildlife), aquaculture, conservation biology, environmental sciences (including climate change and invasion biology), microbiology, and toxicology. All taxonomic groups are covered from microbes, fungi, plants and animals. In order to better serve the community, we also now strongly encourage submissions of papers making use of modern molecular and genetic methods (population and functional genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, epigenetics, quantitative genetics, association and linkage mapping) to address important questions in any of these disciplines and in an applied evolutionary framework. Theoretical, empirical, synthesis or perspective papers are welcome.
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