Magnetism on frustrated magnet system of Nd2B2O7 (B = Ru, Ir, Hf, Pb, Mo, and Zr): A systematic literature review

Abstract

Pyrochlore oxide, A₂B₂O₇, is known as a strongly correlated system with magnetic frustration caused by spins forming a network of corner-sharing tetrahedrons. A systematic literature review has been carried out for the pyrochlore oxide material A₂B₂O₇, with A = Nd, and B = Ru, Ir, Hf, Pb, Mo, and Zr. One of the materials receiving attention from some researchers is the system with A = Nd and B = Zr (Nd₂Zr₂O₇). It is reported that Nd₂Zr₂O₇ gives rise to a magnetic fragmentation state in a magnetically ordered state. However, this phenomenon has not been confirmed in other Nd systems. The magnetic fragmentation phenomenon is a phenomenon that explains the magnetic ground state condition of the Nd₂Zr₂O₇ pyrochlore material, so knowing whether this phenomenon or the signs of this phenomenon appearing in all pyrochlore material, especially in Nd-based pyrochlore systems is very important to be reviewed. Review articles regarding pyrochlore with various bases such as Gd, Er, and Tb were already published. However, the systematic literature review regarding Nd-based pyrochlore focusing on its magnetic properties is not available yet. The most important result of this review is that Nd-based pyrochlores with different B ions show different magnetic transitions. Moreover, the emergence of magnetic fragmentation states in magnetically ordered states was not found in systems other than Nd₂Zr₂O₇. In the future, studies of Nd-based pyrochlore can also focus on the correlation between physical properties and magnetic properties, together with its possible application.