On-farm evidence on breaking yield barriers through optimizing wheat cropping system in Indo Gangetic Plain

IF 4.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

European Journal of Agronomy Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI:10.1016/j.eja.2024.127256

Radheshyam , Shankar Lal Jat , M.L. Jat , C.M. Parihar , H.S. Jat , A.K. Singh , Deepak Bijarniya , Smruti Ranjan Padhan , Praveen V. Kadam , Manish Kumar

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Abstract

The wheat production in the food basket of South Asia has plateaued with threats of environmental sustainability and posing a serious challenge to future food security. For sustainable wheat production in conventional rice-wheat (CTRW) systems under changing climatic scenario, atwo-year on-farm study was conducted. We evaluated system optimization practices (SOP) of legume inclusion with CTR-zero-tillage (ZT) wheat-mungbean (CTR-ZTWMb) and direct seeded rice-ZT wheat-mungbean (DSR-ZTWMb) and triple ZT (raised bed) based futuristic systems of maize-wheat-mungbean (ZTMWMb) and soybean-wheat-mungbean (ZTSWMb). The global warming potential (GWP) of wheat production was significantly reduced by 811 kg CO₂ eq/ha (783−861) in the SOP compared to CTRW. Moreover, the water usein wheat reduced by 85.9 and 85.2 ha-mm/ha in CTR-ZTWMb and DSR-ZTWMb with higher reduction in ZTMWMb and ZTSWMb by128.7 and 118.0 ha-mm/ha, respectively over CTRW. Similarly, the total weed density was reduced at 60 (39 and 52 %) and 90 (38 and 49 %) days after sowing with CTR-ZTWMb and DSR-ZTWMb over CTRW. However, the weed density reduction was lesser with ZTSWMb and ZTMWMb at 60 (3.0 and 23.6 %), and 90 (9.8 and 31.0 %) days after sowingcompared to the CTRW.The partial factor productivity (PFP) of NPK applied was 8.5–19.0 % higher under SOP over the CTRW. The use of non-renewable energy in wheat cultivation was reduced by 24.4–28.9 % with SOP over CTRW. The enhancement in wheat grain yield (7.4–11.8 %) and net returns (98–169 US$/ha) was also recorded with CTR-ZTWMb and DSR-ZTWMb and this gain in futuristic systems (ZTMWMb and ZTSWMb) was much higher in grain yield (17.2–21.0 %) as well as in net returns (283 and 362 US$/ha) over CTRW. The adoption of these SOPs on 1 million ha could produce 0.37–1.05 million t additional wheat over CTRW. The on-farm study evidenced thatwheat production with system optimization practices of legume inclusion and zero tillage are better alternatives to achieve higher productivity and profitability with a lesserenvironmental footprint in Indo-Gangetic Plains and similar agroecological regions.

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通过优化印度恒河平原小麦种植系统打破产量障碍的农场证据

南亚菜篮子国家的小麦产量已趋于稳定，环境可持续性受到威胁，对未来的粮食安全构成严重挑战。为了在不断变化的气候条件下实现传统稻麦（CTRW）系统中小麦的可持续生产，我们开展了一项为期两年的农场研究。我们评估了将豆科植物与CTR-零耕作（ZT）小麦-绿豆（CTR-ZTWMb）、直播稻-ZT小麦-绿豆（DSR-ZTWMb）以及基于三ZT（高床）的玉米-小麦-绿豆（ZTMWMb）和大豆-小麦-绿豆（ZTSWMb）未来系统相结合的系统优化实践（SOP）。与 CTRW 相比，SOP 小麦生产的全球升温潜能值（GWP）显著降低了 811 千克二氧化碳当量/公顷（783-861）。此外，与 CTRW 相比，CTR-ZTWMb 和 DSR-ZTWMb 的小麦用水量分别减少了 85.9 和 85.2 公顷-毫米/公顷，ZTMWMb 和 ZTSWMb 的用水量分别减少了 128.7 和 118.0 公顷-毫米/公顷。同样，与 CTRW 相比，CTR-ZTWMb 和 DSR-ZTWMb 在播种后 60 天（39% 和 52%）和 90 天（38% 和 49%）的杂草总密度也有所降低。然而，与 CTRW 相比，ZTSWMb 和 ZTMWMb 在播种后 60 天（3.0% 和 23.6%）和 90 天（9.8% 和 31.0%）的杂草密度降低幅度较小。与 CTRW 相比，SOP 小麦种植中不可再生能源的使用减少了 24.4-28.9%。在 CTR-ZTWMb 和 DSR-ZTWMb 中，小麦谷物产量（7.4-11.8%）和净收益（98-169 美元/公顷）也有所提高，未来系统（ZTMWMb 和 ZTSWMb）的谷物产量（17.2-21.0%）和净收益（283 和 362 美元/公顷）比 CTRW 高得多。在 100 万公顷土地上采用这些标准作业程序，可比 CTRW 多生产 0.37-1.05 百万吨小麦。田间研究证明，在印度-遗传平原和类似的农业生态区域，采用豆科植物融入和零耕作的系统优化方法进行小麦生产，是实现更高的生产率和收益率，同时对环境影响较小的更好选择。

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来源期刊

European Journal of Agronomy 农林科学-农艺学

CiteScore

8.30

自引率

7.70%

发文量

187

审稿时长

4.5 months

期刊介绍： The European Journal of Agronomy, the official journal of the European Society for Agronomy, publishes original research papers reporting experimental and theoretical contributions to field-based agronomy and crop science. The journal will consider research at the field level for agricultural, horticultural and tree crops, that uses comprehensive and explanatory approaches. The EJA covers the following topics: crop physiology crop production and management including irrigation, fertilization and soil management agroclimatology and modelling plant-soil relationships crop quality and post-harvest physiology farming and cropping systems agroecosystems and the environment crop-weed interactions and management organic farming horticultural crops papers from the European Society for Agronomy bi-annual meetings In determining the suitability of submitted articles for publication, particular scrutiny is placed on the degree of novelty and significance of the research and the extent to which it adds to existing knowledge in agronomy.