Robert Karpiński , Jakub Szabelski , Przemysław Krakowski , Józef Jonak , Katarzyna Falkowicz , Mariusz Jojczuk , Adam Nogalski , Agata Przekora
{"title":"Effect of various admixtures on selected mechanical properties of medium viscosity bone cements: Part 1 – α/β tricalcium phosphate (TCP)","authors":"Robert Karpiński , Jakub Szabelski , Przemysław Krakowski , Józef Jonak , Katarzyna Falkowicz , Mariusz Jojczuk , Adam Nogalski , Agata Przekora","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2024.118306","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Every year millions of people around the world suffer from joint and bone diseases and require orthopaedic surgery. Owing to its unique properties such as biocompatibility and ability to bond bones with orthopaedic implants, poly methyl-methacrylate (PMMA) is among the most widely used polymer composites for bone cements in orthopaedic and trauma surgery. On the other hand, this material is characterized by low mechanical properties, which can lead to accelerated implant loosening in aggressive environments, such as the human body. Over the years, researchers have studied PMMA, especially its failure mechanism. Various additives to PMMA have been proposed to enhance the mechanical properties of this material. This study investigated the effect of mixing PMMA with α-TCP (PMMA/α-TCP bone cement composite) and β-TCP (PMMA/β-TCP bone cement composite) on its mechanical properties. The study was conducted on commercially available PMMA (Haraeus Palamed) mixed with α-TCP and β-TCP in different concentrations. TCP has bacteriostatic properties and, as a bone compatible material, it stimulates bone regeneration and bone ingrowth, which highly increases the survival rate of PMMA bonding. However, the addition of particles to PMMA can affect mechanical properties of bone cements. In this study, the effects of 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8 and 10% dry mass concentration of TCP in bone cement on the mechanical properties of PMMA were investigated. Samples were subjected to compressive loading. This loading mode is typical of the human body after joint prosthesis implantation. The analysis involved comparing selected mechanical parameters of samples prepared according to manufacturer’s instructions and of samples prepared with the addition of α-TCP and β-TCP. Results demonstrated that the addition of β-TCP, whose crystals are triangular, did not affect the mechanical properties of PMMA. On the other hand, the addition of more than 3% dry mass α-TCP, the inner structure of which is hexagonal, led to a slight yet significant decrease in the compressive strength of PMMA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Composite Structures","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0263822324004343","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Every year millions of people around the world suffer from joint and bone diseases and require orthopaedic surgery. Owing to its unique properties such as biocompatibility and ability to bond bones with orthopaedic implants, poly methyl-methacrylate (PMMA) is among the most widely used polymer composites for bone cements in orthopaedic and trauma surgery. On the other hand, this material is characterized by low mechanical properties, which can lead to accelerated implant loosening in aggressive environments, such as the human body. Over the years, researchers have studied PMMA, especially its failure mechanism. Various additives to PMMA have been proposed to enhance the mechanical properties of this material. This study investigated the effect of mixing PMMA with α-TCP (PMMA/α-TCP bone cement composite) and β-TCP (PMMA/β-TCP bone cement composite) on its mechanical properties. The study was conducted on commercially available PMMA (Haraeus Palamed) mixed with α-TCP and β-TCP in different concentrations. TCP has bacteriostatic properties and, as a bone compatible material, it stimulates bone regeneration and bone ingrowth, which highly increases the survival rate of PMMA bonding. However, the addition of particles to PMMA can affect mechanical properties of bone cements. In this study, the effects of 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8 and 10% dry mass concentration of TCP in bone cement on the mechanical properties of PMMA were investigated. Samples were subjected to compressive loading. This loading mode is typical of the human body after joint prosthesis implantation. The analysis involved comparing selected mechanical parameters of samples prepared according to manufacturer’s instructions and of samples prepared with the addition of α-TCP and β-TCP. Results demonstrated that the addition of β-TCP, whose crystals are triangular, did not affect the mechanical properties of PMMA. On the other hand, the addition of more than 3% dry mass α-TCP, the inner structure of which is hexagonal, led to a slight yet significant decrease in the compressive strength of PMMA.
期刊介绍:
The past few decades have seen outstanding advances in the use of composite materials in structural applications. There can be little doubt that, within engineering circles, composites have revolutionised traditional design concepts and made possible an unparalleled range of new and exciting possibilities as viable materials for construction. Composite Structures, an International Journal, disseminates knowledge between users, manufacturers, designers and researchers involved in structures or structural components manufactured using composite materials.
The journal publishes papers which contribute to knowledge in the use of composite materials in engineering structures. Papers deal with design, research and development studies, experimental investigations, theoretical analysis and fabrication techniques relevant to the application of composites in load-bearing components for assemblies, ranging from individual components such as plates and shells to complete composite structures.