A physics-based framework for modelling the performance and reliability of BIPV systems

Abstract

Building-Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) systems usually operate under elevated temperatures and are under frequent shading in comparison to standard or ground installed PV systems. These operating conditions might positively or negatively influence the performance and reliability of BIPV systems components. This study introduces a comprehensive simulation framework designed to model and assess the performance and reliability of BIPV systems. The framework incorporates sub-models for buildings, energy yield, and PV module/inverter reliability, some of which are validated using experimental data from a BIPV demonstrator. Initially, we applied the framework to demonstrate the critical role of precisely estimating the micro-climate surrounding the BIPV system. This inclusion in the electrical/energy yield model, as opposed to relying solely on ambient climate conditions, significantly enhances modeling accuracy. Furthermore, the framework is employed to simulate the reliability implications of BIPV systems installed with and without ventilation. Our analysis reveals that a properly installed BIPV system with ventilation surpasses the 25-year module warranty in all studied climate zones. Conversely, systems without ventilation exhibit a substantial reduction in module lifetime, particularly in hot and dry, and hot and humid climates. Lastly, we employed the framework to assess the impact of shading on PV module reliability. While shaded BIPV systems demonstrated an improvement in module lifetime due to reduced climatic stressors, the gains were insufficient to offset energy losses from shading effects. Our proposed framework offers versatility for diverse “what if” simulations, enabling the evaluation of performance and reliability aspects of BIPV systems crucial for research and BIPV project bankability.