Bartonella, Blechomonas and Trypanosoma in fleas from the long-tailed ground squirrel (Spermophilus undulatus) in northwestern China

IF 2 3区医学 Q3 ECOLOGY

International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI:10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100958

Xiaoshuang Han , Shanshan Zhao , Ziheng Liu , Yujiang Zhang , Guoyu Zhao , Chunju Zhang , Lijuan Tang , Lin Cui , Yuanzhi Wang

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Abstract

Fleas are known to be vectors for a variety of pathogens in veterinary medicine. However, no information is available on the presence of Bartonella and Trypanosomatidae in fleas of the long-tailed ground squirrel (LTGR, Spermophilus undulatus). The present study shows detection of these pathogens in LTGR fleas. During 2022–2023, a total of 396 fleas were collected from 91 LTGRs in 4 alpine regions of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (northwestern China) and grouped into 54 flea pools. Flea species were identified according to morphological characteristics and molecular data. In addition, all flea samples were analyzed for Bartonella with amplification and sequencing of a 380-bp part of the gltA gene and Trypanosomatidae with targeting the 18S rRNA (850-bp) and gGAPDH (820-bp) genes. The flea species included Frontopsylla elatoides elatoides (203), Neopsylla mana (49), and Citellophilus tesquorum dzetysuensis (144). Of 54 flea pools, seven (12.96%) tested positive for Bartonella, and three (5.56%) were positive for Trypanosomatidae. Based on BLASTn and phylogenetic analyses, i) Bartonella washoensis in F. elatoides elatoides and C. tesquorum dzetysuensis, and Bartonella rochalimae in F. elatoides elatoides were identified. Interestingly, a new haplotype within the species Ba. washoensis was discovered in C. tesquorum dzetysuensis; and ii) Blechomonas luni was confirmed in C. tesquorum dzetysuensis and Trypanosoma otospermophili in F. elatoides elatoides. Two Bartonella species and two Trypanosomatidae members were discovered for the first time in fleas from LTGRs. This study broadens our understanding of the geographic distribution and potential vectors for Bartonella and Trypanosomatidae.

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中国西北地区长尾地松鼠（Spermophilus undulatus）跳蚤中的巴顿氏菌、博莱单胞菌和锥虫

众所周知，跳蚤是兽医学中多种病原体的传播媒介。然而，目前还没有关于长尾地松鼠（LTGR，Spermophilus undulatus）跳蚤中存在巴顿氏菌和锥虫的信息。本研究显示在长尾地松鼠的跳蚤中发现了这些病原体。2022-2023年期间，研究人员在新疆维吾尔自治区（中国西北部）的4个高寒地区从91只长尾地松鼠身上采集了396只跳蚤，并将其分成54个跳蚤池。根据形态特征和分子数据对跳蚤种类进行了鉴定。此外，还对所有跳蚤样本进行了巴顿氏菌分析，扩增了 gltA 基因的 380-bp 部分并进行了测序；对锥虫科样本进行了 18S rRNA（850-bp）和 gGAPDH（820-bp）基因分析。跳蚤种类包括 Frontopsylla elatoides elatoides (203)、Neopsylla mana (49) 和 Citellophilus tesquorum dzetysuensis (144)。在 54 个跳蚤池中，7 个（12.96%）对巴顿氏菌检测呈阳性，3 个（5.56%）对锥虫检测呈阳性。根据 BLASTn 和系统进化分析，i) 在 F. elatoides elatoides 和 C. tesquorum dzetysuensis 中发现了 Bartonella washoensis，在 F. elatoides elatoides 中发现了 Bartonella rochalimae。有趣的是，在 C. tesquorum dzetysuensis 中发现了一种新的单倍型 Ba. washoensis；ii) 在 C. tesquorum dzetysuensis 中确认了 Blechomonas luni，在 F. elatoides elatoides 中确认了 Trypanosoma otospermophili。首次在低温疫区的跳蚤中发现了两种巴顿氏菌和两种锥虫。这项研究拓宽了我们对巴顿氏菌和锥虫的地理分布和潜在传播媒介的了解。

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来源期刊

International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife Medicine-Infectious Diseases

CiteScore

3.80

自引率

5.60%

发文量

113

审稿时长

45 days

期刊介绍： The International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife (IJP-PAW) publishes the results of original research on parasites of all wildlife, invertebrate and vertebrate. This includes free-ranging, wild populations, as well as captive wildlife, semi-domesticated species (e.g. reindeer) and farmed populations of recently domesticated or wild-captured species (e.g. cultured fishes). Articles on all aspects of wildlife parasitology are welcomed including taxonomy, biodiversity and distribution, ecology and epidemiology, population biology and host-parasite relationships. The impact of parasites on the health and conservation of wildlife is seen as an important area covered by the journal especially the potential role of environmental factors, for example climate. Also important to the journal is ''one health'' and the nature of interactions between wildlife, people and domestic animals, including disease emergence and zoonoses.