Momentum transfer and foam production via breaking waves in hurricane conditions

IF 1.9 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS
Ephim Golbraikh , Yuri M. Shtemler
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Abstract

Generated under hurricane conditions, a slip layer composed of foam, spray, bubble emulsion, etc. determines the behavior of surface drag with wind speed. This study estimates foam's contribution to this behavior. A logarithmic parametrization of surface drag is introduced, where the effective roughness length of the underlying surface is decomposed into three fractional roughness lengths. These correspond to the foam-free area (as determined by open-ocean data at low wind speeds and laboratory data at high wind speeds), which includes the effects of spray, bubble emulsion, etc., and ocean areas covered by whitecaps and streaks, each weighted by their respective coverage coefficients. A key concept of this approach is the use of well-established experimental bubble-size spectra produced by breaking surface waves to obtain the foam-produced effective roughness length. This method provides a fair correlation of the logarithmic parametrization of surface drag against wind speed with a wide class of experimental data. Additionally, this approach estimates the hurricane's potential intensity, demonstrating reasonable agreement with experimental findings.

飓风条件下破浪的动量传递和泡沫生成
在飓风条件下产生的由泡沫、喷雾、气泡乳液等组成的滑动层决定了表面阻力随风速的变化。本研究估算了泡沫对这一行为的贡献。引入了表面阻力的对数参数,将底层表面的有效粗糙度长度分解为三个分数粗糙度长度。它们分别对应于无泡沫区域(由低风速下的公海数据和高风速下的实验室数据确定),其中包括喷雾、气泡乳化液等的影响,以及被白帽和条纹覆盖的海洋区域,每个区域都由各自的覆盖系数加权。这种方法的一个关键概念是利用破面波浪产生的成熟实验气泡大小光谱来获得泡沫产生的有效粗糙度长度。这种方法将表面阻力与风速的对数参数与大量实验数据进行了合理的关联。此外,这种方法还能估算出飓风的潜在强度,与实验结果显示出合理的一致性。
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来源期刊
Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans
Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans 地学-地球化学与地球物理
CiteScore
3.10
自引率
5.90%
发文量
43
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans is an international journal for research related to the dynamical and physical processes governing atmospheres, oceans and climate. Authors are invited to submit articles, short contributions or scholarly reviews in the following areas: •Dynamic meteorology •Physical oceanography •Geophysical fluid dynamics •Climate variability and climate change •Atmosphere-ocean-biosphere-cryosphere interactions •Prediction and predictability •Scale interactions Papers of theoretical, computational, experimental and observational investigations are invited, particularly those that explore the fundamental nature - or bring together the interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary aspects - of dynamical and physical processes at all scales. Papers that explore air-sea interactions and the coupling between atmospheres, oceans, and other components of the climate system are particularly welcome.
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