Determinants in the phage life cycle: The dynamic nature of ssDNA phage FLiP and host interactions under varying environmental conditions and growth phases

IF 4.3 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY
Kati Mäkelä, Elina Laanto, Lotta-Riina Sundberg
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Abstract

The influence of environmental factors on the interactions between phages and bacteria, particularly single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) phages, has been largely unexplored. In this study, we used Finnlakevirus FLiP, the first known ssDNA phage species with a lipid membrane, as our model phage. We examined the infectivity of FLiP with three Flavobacterium host strains, B330, B167 and B114. We discovered that FLiP infection is contingent on the host strain and conditions such as temperature and bacterial growth phase. FLiP can infect its hosts across a wide temperature range, but optimal phage replication varies with each host. We uncovered some unique aspects of phage infectivity: FLiP has limited infectivity in liquid-suspended cells, but it improves when cells are surface-attached. Moreover, FLiP infects stationary phase B167 and B114 cells more rapidly and efficiently than exponentially growing cells, a pattern not observed with the B330 host. We also present the first experimental evidence of endolysin function in ssDNA phages. The activity of FLiP's lytic enzymes was found to be condition-dependent. Our findings underscore the importance of studying phage ecology in contexts that are relevant to the environment, as both the host and the surrounding conditions can significantly alter the outcome of phage–host interactions.

Abstract Image

噬菌体生命周期的决定因素:不同环境条件和生长阶段下 ssDNA FLiP 噬菌体与宿主相互作用的动态性质。
环境因素对噬菌体与细菌(尤其是单链 DNA(ssDNA)噬菌体)之间相互作用的影响在很大程度上尚未得到研究。在本研究中,我们使用 Finnlakevirus FLiP 作为模型噬菌体,它是已知的第一个具有脂膜的 ssDNA 噬菌体。我们研究了 FLiP 对三种黄杆菌宿主菌株(B330、B167 和 B114)的感染性。我们发现,FLiP 的感染取决于宿主菌株以及温度和细菌生长阶段等条件。FLiP 可以在很宽的温度范围内感染宿主,但噬菌体的最佳复制却因宿主而异。我们发现了噬菌体感染性的一些独特方面:FLiP 在液态悬浮细胞中的感染力有限,但当细胞表面附着时,它的感染力就会提高。此外,FLiP 感染静止期的 B167 和 B114 细胞比感染指数生长期的细胞更快、更有效,这是 B330 宿主没有观察到的模式。我们还首次通过实验证明了 ssDNA 噬菌体的内溶素功能。我们发现 FLiP 的溶菌酶活性与条件有关。我们的发现强调了在与环境相关的背景下研究噬菌体生态学的重要性,因为宿主和周围条件都会显著改变噬菌体-宿主相互作用的结果。
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来源期刊
Environmental microbiology
Environmental microbiology 环境科学-微生物学
CiteScore
9.90
自引率
3.90%
发文量
427
审稿时长
2.3 months
期刊介绍: Environmental Microbiology provides a high profile vehicle for publication of the most innovative, original and rigorous research in the field. The scope of the Journal encompasses the diversity of current research on microbial processes in the environment, microbial communities, interactions and evolution and includes, but is not limited to, the following: the structure, activities and communal behaviour of microbial communities microbial community genetics and evolutionary processes microbial symbioses, microbial interactions and interactions with plants, animals and abiotic factors microbes in the tree of life, microbial diversification and evolution population biology and clonal structure microbial metabolic and structural diversity microbial physiology, growth and survival microbes and surfaces, adhesion and biofouling responses to environmental signals and stress factors modelling and theory development pollution microbiology extremophiles and life in extreme and unusual little-explored habitats element cycles and biogeochemical processes, primary and secondary production microbes in a changing world, microbially-influenced global changes evolution and diversity of archaeal and bacterial viruses new technological developments in microbial ecology and evolution, in particular for the study of activities of microbial communities, non-culturable microorganisms and emerging pathogens
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