{"title":"Stigma and its associations with self-confidence and sexual relations in 4 types of premature ejaculation.","authors":"Jishuang Liu, Tong Bao, Qunfeng Wang, Hui Jiang, Xiansheng Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12610-024-00226-1","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although men with premature ejaculation (PE) always show more negative emotions, including embarrassment, guilt and worry, this may be related to the stigma of PE. To investigated stigma and its associations with self-confidence and sexual relations in 4 PE syndromes, a survey was conducted in our hospital from December 2018 to December 2019 among 350 men with self-reported PE and 252 men without self-reported PE. The stigma, self-confidence and sexual relations were assessed by the Social Impact Scale (SIS) and Self-Esteem and Relationship questionnaire (SEAR), respectively. Ejaculation control, sexual life satisfaction and distress caused by PE were evaluated by the Index of PE.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Men with self-reported PE had higher internalized shame and social isolation scores and lower SEAR scores than control subjects. The highest score of internalized shame and social isolation and the lowest score of SEAR appeared in men with lifelong PE (LPE). After age adjustment, the positive relationships were stronger between distress about PE and internalized shame. Whereas, the stronger negative associations were found between social isolation and sexual satisfaction. The strongest association was observed between social isolation and sexual relationship. Therefore, the stigma associated with PE adversely affects the self-confidence, self-esteem, and sexual relationships of men with PE.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Men with PE, especially LPE, have a high level of stigma and disharmonious sexual relations, and often lack self-confidence and self-esteem, which have a certain negative impact on their physical and mental health and life. These will be the key issues to be considered when we formulate a personalized treatment plan for PE.</p>","PeriodicalId":8730,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Clinical Andrology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11218248/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Basic and Clinical Andrology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12610-024-00226-1","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ANDROLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: Although men with premature ejaculation (PE) always show more negative emotions, including embarrassment, guilt and worry, this may be related to the stigma of PE. To investigated stigma and its associations with self-confidence and sexual relations in 4 PE syndromes, a survey was conducted in our hospital from December 2018 to December 2019 among 350 men with self-reported PE and 252 men without self-reported PE. The stigma, self-confidence and sexual relations were assessed by the Social Impact Scale (SIS) and Self-Esteem and Relationship questionnaire (SEAR), respectively. Ejaculation control, sexual life satisfaction and distress caused by PE were evaluated by the Index of PE.
Results: Men with self-reported PE had higher internalized shame and social isolation scores and lower SEAR scores than control subjects. The highest score of internalized shame and social isolation and the lowest score of SEAR appeared in men with lifelong PE (LPE). After age adjustment, the positive relationships were stronger between distress about PE and internalized shame. Whereas, the stronger negative associations were found between social isolation and sexual satisfaction. The strongest association was observed between social isolation and sexual relationship. Therefore, the stigma associated with PE adversely affects the self-confidence, self-esteem, and sexual relationships of men with PE.
Conclusion: Men with PE, especially LPE, have a high level of stigma and disharmonious sexual relations, and often lack self-confidence and self-esteem, which have a certain negative impact on their physical and mental health and life. These will be the key issues to be considered when we formulate a personalized treatment plan for PE.
背景:尽管患有早泄(PE)的男性总是表现出更多的负面情绪,包括尴尬、内疚和担忧,但这可能与PE的耻辱感有关。为了调查4种PE综合征的耻辱感及其与自信心和性关系的关系,我院于2018年12月至2019年12月对350名自述有PE的男性和252名自述无PE的男性进行了调查。分别采用社会影响量表(SIS)和自尊与关系问卷(SEAR)对耻感、自信心和性关系进行评估。射精控制、性生活满意度和PE造成的痛苦则通过PE指数进行评估:结果:与对照组相比,自述有 PE 的男性的内化羞耻感和社会隔离得分较高,SEAR 得分较低。内化羞耻感和社会隔离得分最高、SEAR得分最低的是终身 PE(LPE)男性。经年龄调整后,PE 困扰与内化羞耻感之间的正相关关系更强。而社会隔离和性满意度之间的负相关更强。社会隔离与性关系之间的关联最强。因此,与 PE 相关的耻辱感会对患有 PE 的男性的自信、自尊和性关系产生不利影响:结论:男性 PE 患者,尤其是 LPE 患者的污名化程度较高,性关系不和谐,往往缺乏自信和自尊,这对他们的身心健康和生活造成了一定的负面影响。这些都是我们在为 PE 制定个性化治疗方案时需要考虑的关键问题。
期刊介绍:
Basic and Clinical Andrology is an open access journal in the domain of andrology covering all aspects of male reproductive and sexual health in both human and animal models. The journal aims to bring to light the various clinical advancements and research developments in andrology from the international community.