The association between olfactory subdomains and frailty: A prospective case‒control study investigation

IF 7.2 2区医学 Q1 OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY

International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology Pub Date : 2024-06-28 DOI:10.1002/alr.23398

Michael Z. Cheng MD, Varun Vohra BS, Hang Wang MS, Akhil Katuri BS, Jacqueline M. Langdon MS, Qian-Li Xue PhD, Nicholas R. Rowan MD

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Amidst the rise of frailty among a globally aging population, olfactory decline has emerged as a harbinger of frailty and mortality in population-level studies. However, the relationships between frailty and the olfactory subdomains of identification (OI), discrimination (OD), and threshold (OT) remain unexplored. This study prospectively examined the association between olfactory subdomains and the physical frailty phenotype (PFP) to investigate olfactory evaluation as a means of frailty screening.

Methods

A case‒control study of 45 frail and 45 non-frail individuals matched by age and sex. OT, OD, OI (range 0‒16), and composite sum (threshold, discrimination, and identification scores [TDI], range 0‒48) were measured with Sniffin’ Sticks. PFP was defined by presence of three or more criteria: physical inactivity, self-reported exhaustion, muscle weakness, slow gait, and unintentional weight loss. Conditional logistic regression evaluated associations between olfactory subdomains and frailty.

Results

Ninety individuals with mean age of 83.1 ± 4.9 years, 60% female (n = 54), and 87.8% white (n = 79) were included. Olfactory scores were significantly lower in the frail group for OI (9.2 vs. 12.1, p < 0.001), OD (8.1 vs. 11.6, p < 0.001), OT (4.4 vs. 8.5, p < 0.001), and TDI (21.7 vs. 32.2, p < 0.001) than in the non-frail group. A single-point decrease in olfactory score was associated with increased odds of frailty in OT (odds ratio [OR]: 2.21, 95% confidence interval: [1.22, 3.98]), OD (OR: 2.19, 95% CI: [1.32, 3.65]), OI (OR: 2.29, 95% CI: [1.19, 4.39]), and TDI (OR: 1.54, 95% CI: [1.14, 2.08]).

Conclusion

The robust association between olfactory subdomain scores and frailty suggests that olfaction may be an accessible signifier of frailty. Future studies should investigate this relationship longitudinally to assess predictive relationships.

查看原文本刊更多论文

嗅觉子域与虚弱之间的关系：前瞻性病例对照研究调查。

背景：随着全球老龄化人口中虚弱人群的增加，嗅觉衰退已成为人群研究中虚弱和死亡率的先兆。然而，虚弱与识别（OI）、辨别（OD）和阈值（OT）等嗅觉子域之间的关系仍未得到探讨。本研究对嗅觉亚域与身体虚弱表型（PFP）之间的关系进行了前瞻性研究，以探讨将嗅觉评估作为虚弱筛查手段的可能性：方法：对 45 名体弱者和 45 名非体弱者进行病例对照研究。使用嗅觉棒测量了OT、OD、OI（范围0-16）和综合总分（阈值、辨别和识别分数[TDI]，范围0-48）。PFP的定义是存在三个或三个以上的标准：缺乏体力活动、自我报告的疲惫、肌肉无力、步态缓慢和无意中体重减轻。条件逻辑回归评估了嗅觉子域与虚弱之间的关联：90名患者的平均年龄为（83.1 ± 4.9）岁，60%为女性（n = 54），87.8%为白人（n = 79）。体弱组的嗅觉得分明显低于 OI 组（9.2 分对 12.1 分，P嗅觉子域得分与体弱之间的密切联系表明，嗅觉可能是体弱的一个易识别标志。未来的研究应纵向调查这种关系，以评估预测关系。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY-

CiteScore

11.70

自引率

10.90%

发文量

185

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： International Forum of Allergy & Rhinologyis a peer-reviewed scientific journal, and the Official Journal of the American Rhinologic Society and the American Academy of Otolaryngic Allergy. International Forum of Allergy Rhinology provides a forum for clinical researchers, basic scientists, clinicians, and others to publish original research and explore controversies in the medical and surgical treatment of patients with otolaryngic allergy, rhinologic, and skull base conditions. The application of current research to the management of otolaryngic allergy, rhinologic, and skull base diseases and the need for further investigation will be highlighted.