Facile, green and scalable synthesis of single-layer manganese dioxide nanosheets and its application for GSH and cTnI colorimetric detection†

Abstract

Manganese dioxide (MnO₂) nanosheets possess unique physical and chemical properties, making them widely applicable in various fields, such as chemistry and biomedicine. Although MnO₂ nanosheets are produced using bottom-up wet chemistry synthesis methods, their scale is below the gram level and requires a long processing time, restricting their effective scale-up from laboratory to market. We report a facile, green and scalable synthesis of MnO₂ nanosheets by mixing Shiranui mandarin orange juice and KMnO₄ for 30 minutes. We produced more than one gram (1.095) of MnO₂ nanosheets with a 0.65 nm mean thickness and a 50 nm mean lateral size. Furthermore, we established a visual colorimetric biosensing strategy based on MnO₂ nanosheets for the assay of glutathione (GSH) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI), offering high sensitivity and feasibility in clinical samples. For GSH, the limit of detection was 0.08 nM, and for cTnI, it was 0.70 pg mL⁻¹. Meanwhile, the strategy can be used for real-time analysis by applying a smartphone-enabled biosensing strategy, which can provide point-of-care testing in remote areas.