Sexual harassment, sexual violence and subsequent depression and anxiety symptoms among Swedish university students: a cohort study.

IF 3.6 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-26 DOI:10.1007/s00127-024-02688-0

Fred Johansson, Klara Edlund, Jorunn Sundgot-Borgen, Christina Björklund, Pierre Côté, Clara Onell, Tobias Sundberg, Eva Skillgate

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Abstract

Purpose: To determine the gender-specific impact of recent exposure to different forms of sexual harassment and sexual violence (SHV) on depression and anxiety symptoms three, six, and nine months later.

Methods: We recruited 2229 women and 1274 men studying at Swedish universities and followed them with web-surveys every three months over one year. We estimated mean differences (MDs) of depression and anxiety symptoms between exposed and unexposed at each follow-up, adjusting for prior SHV, prior depression and anxiety symptoms and potential confounders.

Results: For women, sexual harassment (wide subjective definition) was associated with higher symptom levels of depression (MD 1.0 [95% CI: 0.3; 1.7]) and anxiety (MD 0.8 [95% CI: 0.3; 1.4]) three months later. Unwanted sexual attention was associated with higher symptom levels of anxiety three (MD 0.5 [95% CI: 0.1; 0.8]) and six months later (MD 0.4 [95% CI: 0.0; 0.7]). Exposure to sex against ones will was associated with higher depression symptoms three (MD 1.7 [95% CI: 0.1;3.4]), and six months later (MD 3.1 [95% CI: 1.0; 5.2]). Trends indicated that associations with subsequent mental health differed between forms of SHV among women, and that most associations were more pronounced in temporal proximity to the exposures. For men, we refrain from interpreting the results since they showed high variability and were not robust to sensitivity analyses using multiple imputation to account for missing outcome data.

Conclusions: Among women, several forms of SHV were associated with higher subsequent depression and anxiety symptoms.

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瑞典大学生中的性骚扰、性暴力及随后出现的抑郁和焦虑症状：一项队列研究。

目的：研究近期遭受不同形式的性骚扰和性暴力（SHV）对三、六、九个月后抑郁和焦虑症状的影响：我们招募了在瑞典大学就读的 2229 名女性和 1274 名男性，并在一年内每三个月对他们进行一次网络调查。我们估算了每次随访时受性骚扰者和未受性骚扰者抑郁和焦虑症状的平均差异（MDs），并对之前的性骚扰、之前的抑郁和焦虑症状以及潜在的混杂因素进行了调整：对于女性而言，性骚扰（广义主观定义）与三个月后较高的抑郁症状水平（MD 1.0 [95% CI：0.3; 1.7]）和焦虑症状水平（MD 0.8 [95% CI：0.3; 1.4]）相关。三个月（MD 0.5 [95% CI: 0.1; 0.8]）和六个月后（MD 0.4 [95% CI: 0.0; 0.7]），不受欢迎的性关注与较高的焦虑症状水平相关。违背个人意愿的性行为与较高的抑郁症状相关（MD 1.7 [95% CI：0.1; 3.4]），与六个月后的抑郁症状相关（MD 3.1 [95% CI：1.0; 5.2]）。趋势表明，在女性中，不同形式的SHV与随后的心理健康之间的关联有所不同，而且大多数关联在时间上更接近于暴露。对于男性，我们不对结果进行解释，因为这些结果显示出很高的可变性，而且对使用多重估算来解释缺失结果数据的敏感性分析也不可靠：结论：在女性中，几种形式的SHV与较高的后续抑郁和焦虑症状有关。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 医学-精神病学

CiteScore

8.50

自引率

2.30%

发文量

184

审稿时长

3-6 weeks

期刊介绍： Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology is intended to provide a medium for the prompt publication of scientific contributions concerned with all aspects of the epidemiology of psychiatric disorders - social, biological and genetic. In addition, the journal has a particular focus on the effects of social conditions upon behaviour and the relationship between psychiatric disorders and the social environment. Contributions may be of a clinical nature provided they relate to social issues, or they may deal with specialised investigations in the fields of social psychology, sociology, anthropology, epidemiology, health service research, health economies or public mental health. We will publish papers on cross-cultural and trans-cultural themes. We do not publish case studies or small case series. While we will publish studies of reliability and validity of new instruments of interest to our readership, we will not publish articles reporting on the performance of established instruments in translation. Both original work and review articles may be submitted.