Altitudinal Impact on Phytochemical Composition and Mycorrhizal Diversity of Taxus Contorta Griff in the Temperate Forest of Shimla District

IF 3.5 4区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY
Saurav Chauhan, Rajni Dhalaria, Shankharoop Ghoshal, K.S. Kanwal, Rachna Verma
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Abstract

Taxus contorta (family Taxaceae) is a native plant of temperate region of western Himalaya. The current study investigated the effect of altitude on the phytochemical composition and mycorrhizal diversity, associated with distribution of T. contorta in Shimla district, Himachal Pradesh, India. Quantitative phytochemical analysis of the leaf extracts indicated that alkaloid levels decreased with altitude, with the highest value in Himri's methanol extracts (72.79 ± 1.08 mg/g) while phenol content increased with altitude, peaking in Nankhari's methanol extracts (118.83 ± 5.90 mg/g). Saponin content was higher in methanol extracts (78.13 ± 1.66 mg/g in Nankhari, 68.06 ± 1.92 mg/g in Pabbas, and 56.32 ± 1.93 mg/g in Himri). Flavonoid levels were notably higher in chloroform extracts, particularly in Nankhari (219.97 ± 2.99 mg/g), and positively correlated with altitude. Terpenoids were higher in chloroform extracts at Himri (11.34 ± 0.10 mg/g) and decreased with altitude. Taxol content showed minimal variation between solvents and altitudes (4.53–6.98 ppm), while rutin was only detected in methanol extracts (1.31–1.46 ppm). Mycorrhizal spore counts in T. contorta's rhizosphere varied with altitude: highest at Himri (77.83 ± 2.20 spores/50 g soil), decreasing to Pabbas (68.06 ± 1.96 spores/50 g soil) and lowest at Nankhari (66.00 ± 2.77 spores/50 g soil), with 17 AMF species identified overall, showing significant altitudinal influence on spore density. The rhizosphere of T. contorta was shown to be dominated by the Glomus species. The rhizospheric soil of the plant was found to be slightly acidic. Organic carbon and available potassium content decreased contrasting with increasing available nitrogen and phosphorus with altitude. Correlation data showed strong negative links between organic carbon (−0.83), moderate positive for nitrogen (0.46) and phosphorus (0.414), and moderate negative for potassium (−0.56) with the altitude. This study provides a comprehensive insight into changes in phytochemical constituents, mycorrhizal diversity and soil composition of T. contorta along a range of altitude.

海拔高度对西姆拉地区温带森林丛生紫杉(Taxus Contorta Griff)植物化学成分和菌根多样性的影响
contorta 紫杉(紫杉科)是喜马拉雅西部温带地区的原生植物。本研究调查了海拔高度对植物化学成分和菌根多样性的影响,以及 T. contorta 在印度喜马偕尔邦西姆拉地区的分布情况。叶片提取物的定量植物化学分析表明,生物碱含量随着海拔的升高而降低,最高值出现在 Himri 的甲醇提取物中(72.79 ± 1.08 mg/g),而酚含量随着海拔的升高而增加,最高值出现在 Nankhari 的甲醇提取物中(118.83 ± 5.90 mg/g)。甲醇提取物中的皂苷含量较高(Nankhari 为 78.13 ± 1.66 毫克/克,Pabbas 为 68.06 ± 1.92 毫克/克,Himri 为 56.32 ± 1.93 毫克/克)。氯仿提取物中的类黄酮含量明显较高,尤其是在 Nankhari(219.97 ± 2.99 毫克/克),并且与海拔呈正相关。萜类化合物在 Himri 的氯仿提取物中含量较高(11.34 ± 0.10 毫克/克),并随着海拔的升高而降低。紫杉醇含量在不同溶剂和海拔高度之间的变化极小(4.53-6.98 ppm),而芦丁仅在甲醇提取物中检测到(1.31-1.46 ppm)。T. contorta 根圈中的菌根孢子数量随海拔高度而变化:Himri 最高(77.83 ± 2.20 个孢子/50 克土壤),Pabbas 最低(68.06 ± 1.96 个孢子/50 克土壤),Nankhari 最低(66.00 ± 2.77 个孢子/50 克土壤)。结果表明,T. contorta 的根瘤菌以 Glomus 种类为主。该植物的根圈土壤呈微酸性。随着海拔的升高,有机碳和可利用钾含量减少,而可利用氮和磷含量增加。相关数据显示,有机碳(-0.83)与海拔呈强负相关,氮(0.46)和磷(0.414)与海拔呈中度正相关,钾(-0.56)与海拔呈中度负相关。这项研究全面揭示了海拔高度范围内 T. contorta 植物化学成分、菌根多样性和土壤成分的变化。
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来源期刊
Journal of Basic Microbiology
Journal of Basic Microbiology 生物-微生物学
CiteScore
6.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
134
审稿时长
1.8 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Basic Microbiology (JBM) publishes primary research papers on both procaryotic and eucaryotic microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, algae, protozoans, phages, viruses, viroids and prions. Papers published deal with: microbial interactions (pathogenic, mutualistic, environmental), ecology, physiology, genetics and cell biology/development, new methodologies, i.e., new imaging technologies (e.g. video-fluorescence microscopy, modern TEM applications) novel molecular biology methods (e.g. PCR-based gene targeting or cassettes for cloning of GFP constructs).
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