Far from Their Origins: A Transcriptomic Investigation on How 2,4-Di-tert-butyl-6-(5-chloro-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) Phenol Affects Rainbow Trout Alevins

IF 3.6 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI:10.1002/etc.5943

Andreas N. M. Eriksson, Justin Dubiel, Alper James Alcaraz, Jon A. Doering, Steve Wiseman

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Abstract

Benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers (BUVSs) are a group of widely used chemicals added to a variety of consumer (e.g., plastics) and industrial (e.g., metal coating) goods. Although detected globally as an environmentally persistent pollutant, BUVSs have received relatively little toxicological attention and only recently have been acknowledged to affect development and the endocrine system in vivo. In our previous study, altered behavior, indicative of potential neurotoxicity, was observed among rainbow trout alevins (day 14 posthatching) that were microinjected as embryos with a single environmentally relevant dose of 2,4-di-tert-butyl–6-(5-chloro-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) phenol (UV-327). In the present follow-up study, we performed whole-transcriptome profiling (RNA sequencing) of newly hatched alevins from the same batch. The primary aim was to identify biomarkers related to behavior and neurology. Dose-specifically, 1 to 176 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. In the group presenting altered behavior (273.4 ng g⁻¹), 176 DEGs were identified, yet only a fraction was related to neurological functions, including water, calcium, and potassium homeostasis; acetylcholine transmission and signaling; as well insulin and energy metabolism. The second objective was to estimate the transcriptomic point of departure (tPOD) and assess if point estimate(s) are protective of altered behavior. A tPOD was established at 35 to 94 ng UV-327 g⁻¹ egg, making this tPOD protective of behavioral alterations. Holistically, these transcriptomic alterations provide a foundation for future research on how BUVSs can influence rainbow trout alevin development, while providing support to the hypothesis that UV-327 can influence neurogenesis and subsequent behavioral endpoints. The exact structural and functional changes caused by embryonic exposure to UV-327 remain enigmatic and will require extensive investigation before being deciphered and understood toxicologically. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:2026–2038. © 2024 The Author(s). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.

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远离它们的起源：关于 2,4-二叔丁基-6-(5-氯-2H-苯并三唑-2-基)苯酚如何影响虹鳟幼体的转录组学研究。

苯并三唑类紫外线稳定剂（BUVS）是一类广泛使用的化学品，被添加到各种消费品（如塑料）和工业品（如金属涂层）中。虽然作为一种环境持久性污染物在全球范围内被检测到，但 BUVS 在毒理学方面受到的关注相对较少，直到最近才被确认会影响体内发育和内分泌系统。在我们之前的研究中，我们观察到虹鳟幼鱼（孵化后第 14 天）的行为发生了改变，这表明它们在胚胎期被微量注射了单次环境相关剂量的 2,4-二叔丁基-6-（5-氯-2H-苯并三唑-2-基）苯酚（UV-327），从而产生了潜在的神经毒性。在本后续研究中，我们对同一批次新孵化的蝌蚪进行了全转录组分析（RNA 测序）。主要目的是确定与行为和神经学相关的生物标记物。根据剂量的不同，确定了 1 至 176 个差异表达基因（DEGs）。在出现行为改变（273.4 纳克/克-1）的组中，发现了 176 个 DEGs，但只有一部分与神经功能有关，包括水、钙和钾平衡；乙酰胆碱传递和信号转导；以及胰岛素和能量代谢。第二个目标是估算转录组出发点（tPOD），并评估出发点估算是否对行为改变具有保护作用。tPOD 被确定为 35 至 94 纳克 UV-327 g-1 卵，因此该 tPOD 对行为改变具有保护作用。从整体上看，这些转录组变化为今后研究 BUVS 如何影响虹鳟幼鱼发育奠定了基础，同时也为 UV-327 影响神经发生和随后行为终点的假设提供了支持。胚胎暴露于紫外线-327所引起的确切结构和功能变化仍然是个谜，需要进行广泛的研究才能从毒理学角度加以破解和理解。环境毒物化学 2024;00:1-12。© 2024 The Author(s).环境毒理学与化学》由 Wiley Periodicals LLC 代表 SETAC 出版。

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来源期刊

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 环境科学-毒理学

CiteScore

7.40

自引率

9.80%

发文量

265

审稿时长

3.4 months

期刊介绍： The Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) publishes two journals: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (ET&C) and Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management (IEAM). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry is dedicated to furthering scientific knowledge and disseminating information on environmental toxicology and chemistry, including the application of these sciences to risk assessment.[...] Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry is interdisciplinary in scope and integrates the fields of environmental toxicology; environmental, analytical, and molecular chemistry; ecology; physiology; biochemistry; microbiology; genetics; genomics; environmental engineering; chemical, environmental, and biological modeling; epidemiology; and earth sciences. ET&C seeks to publish papers describing original experimental or theoretical work that significantly advances understanding in the area of environmental toxicology, environmental chemistry and hazard/risk assessment. Emphasis is given to papers that enhance capabilities for the prediction, measurement, and assessment of the fate and effects of chemicals in the environment, rather than simply providing additional data. The scientific impact of papers is judged in terms of the breadth and depth of the findings and the expected influence on existing or future scientific practice. Methodological papers must make clear not only how the work differs from existing practice, but the significance of these differences to the field. Site-based research or monitoring must have regional or global implications beyond the particular site, such as evaluating processes, mechanisms, or theory under a natural environmental setting.