Tirzepatide use and the risk of cancer among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Abstract

Background

Tirzepatide has recently been approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), based on its impressive effects on glycemia and body weight reduction. We investigated whether tirzepatide affects the risk for cancer in T2DM.

Methods

We conducted a meta-analysis of available, up to 1st April 2024, phase 2/3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the use of tirzepatide in T2DM. We set as primary safety endpoint the risk for any type of cancer, while we assessed as secondary endpoints specific cancer types. Subgroup analyses according to the type of comparator were also performed.

Results

We included a total of 9 RCTs with a relatively short study duration, ranging from 36 to 72 weeks. Our preliminary evidence suggests that tirzepatide does not increase the risk for any cancer (primary outcome) or any of the specific cancer types (secondary outcomes). Of course, small number of enrolled participants, short study duration and follow-up, along with scarcity of reported events are considered to be main limitations of the present analysis.

Conclusions

Preliminary evidence from our analysis suggests that tirzepatide may not affect the risk ofcancer among individuals with T2DM. However, our results should be interpreted with extra caution, based on the several limitations of our “hypothesis-generating” analysis Future, well-designed studies are warranted to answer this important research question.