Analysis of morphology and symmetry of the root canal system of incisors, premolars and mandibular molars using CBCT.

Abstract

Knowledge of root canal internal anatomy and its variations is important forproper endodontic treatment. It is therefore necessary to investigate morphological aspects among different dental groups in the same patient to define the best protocol for the case.

Aim: To evaluate the morphology and symmetry of homologous incisors, premolars and mandibular molars using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials and method: Descriptive statistical analysis was performed for the frequency of categorical variables, and a chi-square test or Fisher 's exact test was used to test whether gender and side were associated with number of roots, number of canals, and Vertucci's classification. Forty-five CBCT scans were evaluated, and 444 mandibular teeth were analyzed. The number of roots, number of canals, classification of the canals in each root according to Vertucci and presence of a symmetrical relationship between pairs of posterior teeth were analyzed.

Results: The resuls showed that 74% of mandibular central incisors had type I root canal, 26% of mandibular lateral incisors had type I and, with a significant difference in the number of canals between males and females (p < 0.05). In mandibular first premolars, 70.5% had type I; and in mandibular second premolars, 98.5% had type I. Mandibular first molars had two roots in 98% of the cases. Second mandibular molars had two roots in 92.5% of the cases, one root in 6%, and three roots in 1.5%. Symmetry between central incisors was higher in females than in males.

Conclusión: Teeth of the same group can have different morphologies in the same patient.