Investigating the Impact of Blunt Force Trauma: A Probabilistic Study of Behind Armor Blunt Trauma Risk.

IF 3 2区 医学 Q3 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL
Vivek Bhaskar Kote, Lance L Frazer, Zachary S Hostetler, Derek A Jones, Matthew Davis, Joost Op't Eynde, Jason Kait, Derek Pang, Dale Bass, Jared Koser, Alok Shah, Narayan Yoganandan, Brian Stemper, Timothy Bentley, Daniel P Nicolella
{"title":"Investigating the Impact of Blunt Force Trauma: A Probabilistic Study of Behind Armor Blunt Trauma Risk.","authors":"Vivek Bhaskar Kote, Lance L Frazer, Zachary S Hostetler, Derek A Jones, Matthew Davis, Joost Op't Eynde, Jason Kait, Derek Pang, Dale Bass, Jared Koser, Alok Shah, Narayan Yoganandan, Brian Stemper, Timothy Bentley, Daniel P Nicolella","doi":"10.1007/s10439-024-03564-3","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evaluating Behind Armor Blunt Trauma (BABT) is a critical step in preventing non-penetrating injuries in military personnel, which can result from the transfer of kinetic energy from projectiles impacting body armor. While the current NIJ Standard-0101.06 standard focuses on preventing excessive armor backface deformation, this standard does not account for the variability in impact location, thorax organ and tissue material properties, and injury thresholds in order to assess potential injury. To address this gap, Finite Element (FE) human body models (HBMs) have been employed to investigate variability in BABT impact conditions by recreating specific cases from survivor databases and generating injury risk curves. However, these deterministic analyses predominantly use models representing the 50th percentile male and do not investigate the uncertainty and variability inherent within the system, thus limiting the generalizability of investigating injury risk over a diverse military population. The DoD-funded I-PREDICT Future Naval Capability (FNC) introduces a probabilistic HBM, which considers uncertainty and variability in tissue material and failure properties, anthropometry, and external loading conditions. This study utilizes the I-PREDICT HBM for BABT simulations for three thoracic impact locations-liver, heart, and lower abdomen. A probabilistic analysis of tissue-level strains resulting from a BABT event is used to determine the probability of achieving a Military Combat Incapacitation Scale (MCIS) for organ-level injuries and the New Injury Severity Score (NISS) is employed for whole-body injury risk evaluations. Organ-level MCIS metrics show that impact at the heart can cause severe injuries to the heart and spleen, whereas impact to the liver can cause rib fractures and major lacerations in the liver. Impact at the lower abdomen can cause lacerations in the spleen. Simulation results indicate that, under current protection standards, the whole-body risk of injury varies between 6 and 98% based on impact location, with the impact at the heart being the most severe, followed by impact at the liver and the lower abdomen. These results suggest that the current body armor protection standards might result in severe injuries in specific locations, but no injuries in others.</p>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-024-03564-3","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Evaluating Behind Armor Blunt Trauma (BABT) is a critical step in preventing non-penetrating injuries in military personnel, which can result from the transfer of kinetic energy from projectiles impacting body armor. While the current NIJ Standard-0101.06 standard focuses on preventing excessive armor backface deformation, this standard does not account for the variability in impact location, thorax organ and tissue material properties, and injury thresholds in order to assess potential injury. To address this gap, Finite Element (FE) human body models (HBMs) have been employed to investigate variability in BABT impact conditions by recreating specific cases from survivor databases and generating injury risk curves. However, these deterministic analyses predominantly use models representing the 50th percentile male and do not investigate the uncertainty and variability inherent within the system, thus limiting the generalizability of investigating injury risk over a diverse military population. The DoD-funded I-PREDICT Future Naval Capability (FNC) introduces a probabilistic HBM, which considers uncertainty and variability in tissue material and failure properties, anthropometry, and external loading conditions. This study utilizes the I-PREDICT HBM for BABT simulations for three thoracic impact locations-liver, heart, and lower abdomen. A probabilistic analysis of tissue-level strains resulting from a BABT event is used to determine the probability of achieving a Military Combat Incapacitation Scale (MCIS) for organ-level injuries and the New Injury Severity Score (NISS) is employed for whole-body injury risk evaluations. Organ-level MCIS metrics show that impact at the heart can cause severe injuries to the heart and spleen, whereas impact to the liver can cause rib fractures and major lacerations in the liver. Impact at the lower abdomen can cause lacerations in the spleen. Simulation results indicate that, under current protection standards, the whole-body risk of injury varies between 6 and 98% based on impact location, with the impact at the heart being the most severe, followed by impact at the liver and the lower abdomen. These results suggest that the current body armor protection standards might result in severe injuries in specific locations, but no injuries in others.

Abstract Image

调查钝器创伤的影响:装甲后钝器创伤风险概率研究。
评估装甲后钝器创伤(BABT)是防止军事人员非穿透性损伤的关键步骤,这种损伤可能是由于弹丸撞击防弹衣所产生的动能传递造成的。虽然目前的 NIJ Standard-0101.06 标准侧重于防止装甲后表面过度变形,但该标准并没有考虑到撞击位置、胸部器官和组织材料特性以及伤害阈值的变化,从而无法评估潜在的伤害。为弥补这一不足,已采用有限元(FE)人体模型(HBM),通过从幸存者数据库中重现特定案例并生成伤害风险曲线,来研究 BABT 碰撞条件的可变性。然而,这些确定性分析主要使用的是代表第 50 百分位数男性的模型,并没有调查系统内固有的不确定性和可变性,因此限制了调查不同军事人群受伤风险的普遍性。国防部资助的 I-PREDICT 未来海军能力(FNC)引入了概率 HBM,考虑了组织材料和失效特性、人体测量和外部加载条件的不确定性和可变性。本研究利用 I-PREDICT HBM 对三个胸部撞击位置(肝脏、心脏和下腹部)进行 BABT 模拟。通过对 BABT 事件导致的组织级应变进行概率分析,确定器官级损伤达到军事战斗能力丧失量表(MCIS)的概率,并采用新损伤严重程度评分(NISS)进行全身损伤风险评估。器官级 MCIS 指标显示,撞击心脏可导致心脏和脾脏严重受伤,而撞击肝脏可导致肋骨骨折和肝脏严重撕裂伤。撞击下腹部可造成脾脏撕裂伤。模拟结果表明,在现行防护标准下,根据撞击位置的不同,全身受伤风险在 6% 到 98% 之间,其中心脏部位的撞击最为严重,其次是肝脏和下腹部。这些结果表明,目前的防弹衣防护标准可能会导致特定部位严重受伤,而其他部位则不会受伤。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
Annals of Biomedical Engineering
Annals of Biomedical Engineering 工程技术-工程:生物医学
CiteScore
7.50
自引率
15.80%
发文量
212
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Annals of Biomedical Engineering is an official journal of the Biomedical Engineering Society, publishing original articles in the major fields of bioengineering and biomedical engineering. The Annals is an interdisciplinary and international journal with the aim to highlight integrated approaches to the solutions of biological and biomedical problems.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信