Dominance of African racial ancestry in honey bee colonies of Mexico 30 years after the migration of hybrids from South America

IF 3.5 2区 生物学 Q1 EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
María de Jesús Aguilar-Aguilar, Jorge Lobo, E. Jacob Cristóbal-Pérez, Francisco J. Balvino-Olvera, Gloria Ruiz-Guzmán, José Javier G. Quezada-Euán, Mauricio Quesada
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Abstract

The Africanized honey bee, a hybrid of Apis mellifera scutellata from Africa with European subspecies, has been considered an invasive species and a problem for beekeeping. Africanized bees arrived in Mexico in 1986, 30 years after their accidental release in Brazil. Although government programs were implemented for its eradication, Africanized populations persist in Mexico, but precise information on the patterns of genetic introgression and racial ancestry is scarce. We determined maternal and parental racial ancestry of managed and feral honey bees across the five beekeeping regions of Mexico, using mitochondrial (mtDNA, COI-COII intergenic region) and nuclear markers (94 ancestrally informative SNPs), to assess the relationship between beekeeping management, beekeeping region, altitude, and latitude with the distribution of maternal and parental racial ancestry. Results revealed a predominantly African ancestry in the Mexican honey bees, but the proportion varied according to management, beekeeping regions, and latitude. The Mexican honey bees showed 31 haplotypes of four evolutionary lineages (A, M, C, and O). Managed honey bees had mitochondrial and nuclear higher proportions of European ancestry than feral honey bees, which had a higher proportion of African ancestry. Beekeeping regions of lower latitudes had higher proportions of African nuclear ancestry. Managed and feral honey bees showed differences in the proportion of maternal and nuclear racial ancestry. Managed honey bees from the Yucatan Peninsula and feral honey bees had a higher mtDNA than nuclear proportions of African ancestry. Managed honey bees, except those on the Yucatan Peninsula, had a higher nuclear than mtDNA proportion of African ancestry. Our study demonstrates that Africanized honey bee populations are genetically diverse and well established in Mexico, which highlights the limitations of management and government programs to contain the Africanization process and demands the incorporation of this lineage in any breeding program for sustainable beekeeping.

Abstract Image

南美杂交种迁徙 30 年后,墨西哥蜜蜂群中非洲种族血统的优势。
非洲化蜜蜂是非洲蜜蜂(Apis mellifera scutellata)与欧洲亚种的杂交种,一直被认为是入侵物种和养蜂业的一个问题。非洲化蜜蜂在巴西意外释放 30 年后,于 1986 年来到墨西哥。尽管政府实施了根除计划,但非洲化种群在墨西哥依然存在,但有关基因导入和种族血统模式的精确信息却很少。我们利用线粒体(mtDNA、COI-COII 基因间区)和核标记(94 个具有祖先信息的 SNPs)测定了墨西哥五个养蜂地区受管理蜜蜂和野生蜜蜂的母系和父系种族祖先,以评估养蜂管理、养蜂地区、海拔和纬度与母系和父系种族祖先分布之间的关系。结果显示,墨西哥蜜蜂的祖先主要是非洲人,但这一比例因养蜂管理、养蜂地区和纬度而异。墨西哥蜜蜂显示了四个进化系(A、M、C 和 O)的 31 个单倍型。与非洲血统比例较高的野生蜜蜂相比,管理蜜蜂的线粒体和核血统中欧洲血统比例较高。纬度较低的养蜂地区的蜜蜂具有较高比例的非洲核血统。管理蜜蜂和野生蜜蜂在母系和核系种族祖先比例方面存在差异。尤卡坦半岛的人工饲养蜜蜂和野生蜜蜂的 mtDNA 非洲血统比例高于核血统比例。除尤卡坦半岛的蜜蜂外,其他管理蜜蜂的非洲祖先核血统比例高于 mtDNA。我们的研究表明,在墨西哥,非洲化蜜蜂种群具有遗传多样性,并已牢固确立,这凸显了管理和政府计划在遏制非洲化进程方面的局限性,并要求将这一血统纳入任何可持续养蜂的育种计划中。
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来源期刊
Evolutionary Applications
Evolutionary Applications 生物-进化生物学
CiteScore
8.50
自引率
7.30%
发文量
175
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: Evolutionary Applications is a fully peer reviewed open access journal. It publishes papers that utilize concepts from evolutionary biology to address biological questions of health, social and economic relevance. Papers are expected to employ evolutionary concepts or methods to make contributions to areas such as (but not limited to): medicine, agriculture, forestry, exploitation and management (fisheries and wildlife), aquaculture, conservation biology, environmental sciences (including climate change and invasion biology), microbiology, and toxicology. All taxonomic groups are covered from microbes, fungi, plants and animals. In order to better serve the community, we also now strongly encourage submissions of papers making use of modern molecular and genetic methods (population and functional genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, epigenetics, quantitative genetics, association and linkage mapping) to address important questions in any of these disciplines and in an applied evolutionary framework. Theoretical, empirical, synthesis or perspective papers are welcome.
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