Normativity vs. uniqueness: effects of social relationship strength on neural representations of others.

Taylor D Guthrie, Robert S Chavez
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Abstract

Understanding others involves inferring traits and intentions, a process complicated by our reliance on stereotypes and generalized information when we lack personal information. Yet, as relationships are formed, we shift toward nuanced and individualized perceptions of others. This study addresses how relationship strength influences the creation of unique or normative representations of others in key regions known to be involved in social cognition. Employing a round-robin interpersonal perception paradigm (N = 111, 20 groups of five to six people), we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine whether the strength of social relationships modulated the degree to which multivoxel patterns of activity that represented a specific other were similar to a normative average of all others in the study. Behaviorally, stronger social relationships were associated with more normative trait endorsements. Neural findings reveal that closer relationships lead to more unique representations in the medial prefrontal cortex and anterior insula, areas associated with mentalizing and person perception. Conversely, more generalized representations emerge in posterior regions like the posterior cingulate cortex, indicating a complex interplay between individuated and generalized processing of social information in the brain. These findings suggest that cortical regions typically associated with social cognition may compute different kinds of information when representing the distinctiveness of others.

规范性与独特性:社会关系强度对他人神经表征的影响》(Effects of Social Relationship Strength on Neural Representations of Others.
了解他人需要推断他人的特征和意图,当我们缺乏个人信息时,对刻板印象和一般化信息的依赖会使这一过程变得复杂。然而,随着关系的建立,我们会转向对他人细致入微的个性化认知。本研究探讨了在已知涉及社会认知的关键区域中,关系强度如何影响他人独特或规范表征的形成。我们采用了循环人际感知范式(N = 111,20 组,每组 5-6 人),利用功能磁共振成像(fMRI)研究了社会关系的强度是否会调节代表特定他人的多象素活动模式与研究中所有他人的标准平均值的相似程度。从行为上看,较强的社会关系与较规范的特质认可相关。神经研究结果表明,更密切的关系会在内侧前额叶皮层和前脑岛产生更独特的表征,这些区域与心智化和人物感知相关。相反,后扣带回皮层等后部区域则出现了更多的泛化表征,这表明大脑对社会信息的个性化处理和泛化处理之间存在着复杂的相互作用。这些研究结果表明,通常与社会认知相关的皮层区域在表征他人的独特性时可能会计算不同类型的信息。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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CiteScore
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