Advancing with age: Older adults excel in comprehension of novel metaphors.

IF 3.7 1区心理学 Q1 GERONTOLOGY

Psychology and Aging Pub Date : 2024-06-24 DOI:10.1037/pag0000836

Nicholas Ichien, Dušan Stamenković, Mary C Whatley, Alan D Castel, Keith J Holyoak

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Older adults may experience certain forms of cognitive decline, but some forms of semantic memory remain intact in older age. To address how metaphor comprehension changes with age and whether metaphor comprehension relies more heavily on analogical reasoning (supported by fluid intelligence) or on conceptual combination (supported by crystalized intelligence), we compared performance of younger and older adults. In two experiments, healthy older adults (54-88 years) scored lower on a measure of fluid intelligence (Ravens Progressive Matrices) but higher on a measure of crystalized intelligence (Mill Hill Vocabulary Test) relative to younger adults (18-34 years). Groups were equally successful in comprehending relatively easy metaphors (Study 1), but older adults showed a striking advantage over younger adults for novel literary metaphors (Study 2). Mixed-effects modeling showed that measures of fluid and crystalized intelligence each made separable contributions to metaphor comprehension for both groups, but older adults relied more on crystalized intelligence than did younger adults. These age-related dissociations clarify cognitive effects of aging and highlight the importance of crystalized intelligence for metaphor comprehension in both younger and older adults. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

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随着年龄的增长而进步：老年人在理解新奇隐喻方面表现出色。

老年人可能会出现某些形式的认知能力衰退，但某些形式的语义记忆在老年时仍然完好无损。为了解决隐喻理解如何随着年龄的增长而变化，以及隐喻理解是更依赖于类比推理（由流体智力支持）还是概念组合（由晶体智力支持）的问题，我们比较了年轻人和老年人的表现。在两项实验中，健康的老年人（54-88 岁）与年轻人（18-34 岁）相比，在流体智力测量（瑞文累进矩阵）中得分较低，但在晶体化智力测量（米尔希尔词汇测试）中得分较高。在理解相对容易的隐喻方面，各组的成功率相当（研究 1），但在理解新颖的文学隐喻方面，老年人比年轻人有明显优势（研究 2）。混合效应模型显示，流体智力和晶体智力对两组人的隐喻理解能力都有不同的贡献，但老年人比年轻人更依赖晶体智力。这些与年龄相关的差异澄清了衰老对认知的影响，并强调了晶体化智力对年轻人和老年人隐喻理解的重要性。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有）。

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来源期刊

Psychology and Aging Multiple-

CiteScore

6.40

自引率

10.80%

发文量

期刊介绍： Psychology and Aging publishes original articles on adult development and aging. Such original articles include reports of research that may be applied, biobehavioral, clinical, educational, experimental (laboratory, field, or naturalistic studies), methodological, or psychosocial. Although the emphasis is on original research investigations, occasional theoretical analyses of research issues, practical clinical problems, or policy may appear, as well as critical reviews of a content area in adult development and aging. Clinical case studies that have theoretical significance are also appropriate. Brief reports are acceptable with the author"s agreement not to submit a full report to another journal.