A trade-off between desiccation resistance and developmental humidity for pupation height in the North Indian seasonal population of Drosophilid-Zaprionus indianus

IF 4.6 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS
Bhawna Kalra , Ravi Parkash
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Abstract

Drosophila larvae and pupae are vulnerable to seasonal abiotic stressors such as humidity and temperature. In wild low-humidity habitats, desiccation stress can occur as Drosophila larvae forsake wet food in search of a drier pupation site. Henceforth, the hypothesis that developmental humidity impacts pupation height, affecting larval and pupae water balance and fitness-related traits, was examined. Accordingly, warm-adapted Drosophilid- Zaprionus indianus from two seasons were reared under season-specific simulated conditions, with significantly varying relative humidity (summer RH: 40%; rainy RH: 80%), but nearly identical temperatures. A trade-off between pupation height and developmental humidity was observed. Drier summer conditions lead to pupae wandering farther from drier glass surfaces, resulting in higher pupation height (17.3 cm) while rainy pupae prefer wet food, resulting in lower pupation height (7.12 cm). Additionally, density-dependent pupation height was developmental humidity-specific, with most rainy-season pupae pupated on wetter food, while dry summer pupae pupated on glass surfaces or cotton. Nevertheless, flies from far pupation exhibited greater desiccation resistance, fecundity, and copulation duration than those from near pupation. The cuticular lipid mass of larvae and pupae was higher during far-than-near pupation, indicating decreased water loss rates compared to near-pupation. Finally, pupae eclosion (%) was unaffected by greater humidity (85%) in either season. Still, it considerably decreased at lower humidity (RH: 0% and 38%) for rainy pupae, further supporting the selection of low-humidity desiccation resistance in pupae. In conclusion, low humidity is crucial for survival of pre-adult stages of Zaprionus indianus under desiccation stress and for preference of pupation site.

Abstract Image

北印度季节性果蝇-Zaprionus indianus种群在抗干燥性和发育湿度之间对化蛹高度的权衡。
果蝇幼虫和蛹很容易受到季节性非生物压力(如湿度和温度)的影响。在野生低湿度生境中,果蝇幼虫会放弃潮湿的食物,寻找更干燥的化蛹场所,从而产生干燥应激。因此,研究人员假设发育湿度会影响化蛹高度,从而影响幼虫和蛹的水分平衡以及与体能相关的性状。因此,在相对湿度显著变化(夏季相对湿度:40%;雨季相对湿度:80%)但温度几乎相同的季节模拟条件下,饲养了两个季节的暖适应果蝇--印度果蝇(Zaprionus indianus)。观察到蛹的高度与发育湿度之间存在权衡。夏季较干燥的条件会导致蛹远离较干燥的玻璃表面,从而导致蛹的高度较高(17.3厘米),而阴雨天蛹更喜欢潮湿的食物,从而导致蛹的高度较低(7.12厘米)。此外,蛹的密度与蛹的高度有发育湿度的特异性,大多数雨季蛹在较湿的食物上化蛹,而干燥的夏季蛹则在玻璃表面或棉花上化蛹。尽管如此,远蛹期的苍蝇比近蛹期的苍蝇表现出更强的抗干燥性、繁殖力和交配持续时间。在远蛹期,幼虫和蛹的角质脂质含量比近蛹期高,表明失水率比近蛹期低。最后,蛹的羽化率(%)在任何季节都不受湿度(85%)的影响。然而,在湿度较低(相对湿度:0%和38%)时,雨季蛹的羽化率显著下降,这进一步证明了蛹对低湿度干燥抵抗力的选择。总之,低湿度对印度蝇成虫前期在干燥胁迫下的存活以及对化蛹地点的偏好至关重要。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
ACS Applied Bio Materials
ACS Applied Bio Materials Chemistry-Chemistry (all)
CiteScore
9.40
自引率
2.10%
发文量
464
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