{"title":"Genetic diversity of Flaviviridae and Rhabdoviridae EVEs in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus on Hainan Island and the Leizhou Peninsula, China","authors":"Minghui Zhao , Xin Ran , Qiang Zhang , Jian Gao , Mingyu Wu , Dan Xing , Hengduan Zhang , Tongyan Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105627","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Hainan Island and the Leizhou Peninsula, the southernmost part of mainland China, are areas where <em>Aedes aegypti</em> and <em>Ae. albopictus</em> are sympatric and are also high-incidence areas of dengue outbreaks in China. Many studies have suggested that <em>Aedes</em> endogenous viral components (EVEs) are enriched in piRNA clusters which can silence incoming viral genomes. Investigation the EVEs present in the piRNA clusters associated with viral infection of <em>Aedes</em> mosquitoes in these regions may provide a theoretical basis for novel transmission-blocking vector control strategies.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this study, specific primers for endogenous <em>Flaviviridae</em> elements (EFVEs) and endogenous <em>Rhabdoviridae</em> elements (ERVEs) were used to detect the distribution of Zika virus infection associated EVEs in the genomes of individuals of the two <em>Aedes</em> mosquitoes. Genetic diversity of EVEs with a high detection rate was also analyzed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results showed that many EVEs associated with Zika virus infection were detected in both <em>Aedes</em> species, with the detection rates were 47.68% to 100% in <em>Ae. aegypti</em> and 36.15% to 92.31% in sympatric <em>Ae. albopictus</em> populations. EVEs detection rates in another 17 <em>Ae. albopictus</em> populations ranged from 29.39% to 89.85%. Genetic diversity analyses of the four EVEs (AaFlavi53, AaRha61, AaRha91 and AaRha100) of <em>Ae. aegypti</em> showed that each had high haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity. The number of haplotypes in AaFlavi53 was 8, with the dominant haplotype being Hap_1 and the other 7 haplotypes being further mutated from Hap_1 in a lineage direction. In contrast, the haplotype diversity of the other three ERVEs (AaRha61, AaRha91 and AaRha100) was more diverse and richer, with the haplotype numbers were 9, 15 and 19 respectively. In addition, these EVEs all showed inconsistent patterns of both population differentiation and dispersal compared to neutral evolutionary genes such as the Mitochondrial COI gene.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The EFVEs and ERVEs tested were present at high frequencies in the field <em>Aedes</em> mosquito populations. The haplotype diversity of the EFVE AaFlavi53 was relatively lower and the three ERVEs (AaRha61, AaRha91, AaRha100) were higher. None of the four EVEs could be indicative of the genetic diversity of the <em>Ae. aegypti</em> population. This study provided theoretical support for the use of EVEs to block arbovirus transmission, but further research is needed into the mechanisms by which these EVEs are antiviral to <em>Aedes</em> mosquitoes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54986,"journal":{"name":"Infection Genetics and Evolution","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 105627"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1567134824000789/pdfft?md5=1322f40547c2d22eb7c376a1d2eddea3&pid=1-s2.0-S1567134824000789-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Infection Genetics and Evolution","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1567134824000789","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"INFECTIOUS DISEASES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background
Hainan Island and the Leizhou Peninsula, the southernmost part of mainland China, are areas where Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus are sympatric and are also high-incidence areas of dengue outbreaks in China. Many studies have suggested that Aedes endogenous viral components (EVEs) are enriched in piRNA clusters which can silence incoming viral genomes. Investigation the EVEs present in the piRNA clusters associated with viral infection of Aedes mosquitoes in these regions may provide a theoretical basis for novel transmission-blocking vector control strategies.
Methods
In this study, specific primers for endogenous Flaviviridae elements (EFVEs) and endogenous Rhabdoviridae elements (ERVEs) were used to detect the distribution of Zika virus infection associated EVEs in the genomes of individuals of the two Aedes mosquitoes. Genetic diversity of EVEs with a high detection rate was also analyzed.
Results
The results showed that many EVEs associated with Zika virus infection were detected in both Aedes species, with the detection rates were 47.68% to 100% in Ae. aegypti and 36.15% to 92.31% in sympatric Ae. albopictus populations. EVEs detection rates in another 17 Ae. albopictus populations ranged from 29.39% to 89.85%. Genetic diversity analyses of the four EVEs (AaFlavi53, AaRha61, AaRha91 and AaRha100) of Ae. aegypti showed that each had high haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity. The number of haplotypes in AaFlavi53 was 8, with the dominant haplotype being Hap_1 and the other 7 haplotypes being further mutated from Hap_1 in a lineage direction. In contrast, the haplotype diversity of the other three ERVEs (AaRha61, AaRha91 and AaRha100) was more diverse and richer, with the haplotype numbers were 9, 15 and 19 respectively. In addition, these EVEs all showed inconsistent patterns of both population differentiation and dispersal compared to neutral evolutionary genes such as the Mitochondrial COI gene.
Conclusion
The EFVEs and ERVEs tested were present at high frequencies in the field Aedes mosquito populations. The haplotype diversity of the EFVE AaFlavi53 was relatively lower and the three ERVEs (AaRha61, AaRha91, AaRha100) were higher. None of the four EVEs could be indicative of the genetic diversity of the Ae. aegypti population. This study provided theoretical support for the use of EVEs to block arbovirus transmission, but further research is needed into the mechanisms by which these EVEs are antiviral to Aedes mosquitoes.
期刊介绍:
(aka Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics of Infectious Diseases -- MEEGID)
Infectious diseases constitute one of the main challenges to medical science in the coming century. The impressive development of molecular megatechnologies and of bioinformatics have greatly increased our knowledge of the evolution, transmission and pathogenicity of infectious diseases. Research has shown that host susceptibility to many infectious diseases has a genetic basis. Furthermore, much is now known on the molecular epidemiology, evolution and virulence of pathogenic agents, as well as their resistance to drugs, vaccines, and antibiotics. Equally, research on the genetics of disease vectors has greatly improved our understanding of their systematics, has increased our capacity to identify target populations for control or intervention, and has provided detailed information on the mechanisms of insecticide resistance.
However, the genetics and evolutionary biology of hosts, pathogens and vectors have tended to develop as three separate fields of research. This artificial compartmentalisation is of concern due to our growing appreciation of the strong co-evolutionary interactions among hosts, pathogens and vectors.
Infection, Genetics and Evolution and its companion congress [MEEGID](http://www.meegidconference.com/) (for Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics of Infectious Diseases) are the main forum acting for the cross-fertilization between evolutionary science and biomedical research on infectious diseases.
Infection, Genetics and Evolution is the only journal that welcomes articles dealing with the genetics and evolutionary biology of hosts, pathogens and vectors, and coevolution processes among them in relation to infection and disease manifestation. All infectious models enter the scope of the journal, including pathogens of humans, animals and plants, either parasites, fungi, bacteria, viruses or prions. The journal welcomes articles dealing with genetics, population genetics, genomics, postgenomics, gene expression, evolutionary biology, population dynamics, mathematical modeling and bioinformatics. We also provide many author benefits, such as free PDFs, a liberal copyright policy, special discounts on Elsevier publications and much more. Please click here for more information on our author services .